University General Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic.
Klinikum Neumarkt, Vascular Surgery, Nürnberger Str. 12, 92318 Neumarkt, Germany.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jul 8;22(14):5124. doi: 10.3390/s22145124.
Widely used classical angiography with the use of iodine contrast agents is highly problematic, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus, cardiac and pulmonary diseases, or degree III or IV renal insufficiency. Some patients may be susceptible to allergic reaction to the iodine contrast substance. The intravenous injection of a bolus of CO (negative contrast) is an alternative method, which is, however, currently only used for imaging blood vessels of the lower limbs. The aim of our project was to design and test on an animal model a methodology for injecting the CO foam which would minimize the possibility of embolization of the brain tissue and heart infarction, leading to their damage. This is important research for the further promotion of the use of CO, which is increasingly important for endovascular diagnosis and treatment, because carbon-dioxide-related complications are extremely rare. CO foam was prepared by the rapid mixing in a 2:1 ratio of CO and fetal bovine serum (FBS)-enriched Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Freshly prepared CO foam was administered into the catheterized rat tail vein or cannulated rat abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC). CO foam was compared with commercially available microbubbles (lipid shell/gas core). The rat heart in its parasternal long axis was imaged in B-Mode and Non-linear Contrast Mode before/during and after the contrast administration. Samples of the brain, heart and lungs were collected and subjected to histological examination. The non-linear contrast imaging method enables the imaging of micron-sized gas microbubbles inside a rat heart. The significantly shorter lifetime of the prepared CO foam is a benefit for avoiding the local ischemia of tissues.
广泛使用的碘对比剂经典血管造影在患有糖尿病、心脏病和肺病或 III 或 IV 级肾功能不全的患者中存在很大问题。一些患者可能对碘对比物质过敏。静脉注射 CO（负性对比）弹丸是一种替代方法，但目前仅用于下肢血管成像。我们的项目旨在设计和在动物模型上测试一种注射 CO 泡沫的方法，该方法将最大限度地减少脑组织和心肌梗塞栓塞以及导致其损伤的可能性。这对于进一步推广 CO 的使用非常重要，因为 CO 在血管内诊断和治疗中越来越重要，因为与二氧化碳相关的并发症极为罕见。CO 泡沫是通过 CO 与富含胎牛血清（FBS）的杜尔贝科改良伊格尔培养基（DMEM）以 2:1 的比例快速混合制备的。将新鲜制备的 CO 泡沫注入导管化的大鼠尾静脉或插管的大鼠腹主动脉和下腔静脉（IVC）中。CO 泡沫与市售的微泡（脂质壳/气体核）进行了比较。在对比剂给药前/期间和之后，通过 B 模式和非线性对比模式对大鼠心脏胸骨旁长轴进行成像。收集大脑、心脏和肺的样本并进行组织学检查。非线性对比成像方法能够对大鼠心脏内的微米级气体微泡进行成像。所制备的 CO 泡沫的寿命明显缩短，有利于避免组织局部缺血。
