Susło Robert, Pobrotyn Piotr, Mierzecki Artur, Drobnik Jarosław
Epidemiology and Medical Education Unit, Population Health Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
Citodent, 50-403 Wrocław, Poland.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Jun 27;10(7):1026. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10071026.
The COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for two years as of 2022, and it is common knowledge that vaccines are an essential tool to mitigate the health, economic, and social fallout. Unfortunately, vaccine hesitancy is still a serious global problem, both in the general population and among healthcare workers. The authors used an original questionnaire to conduct an anonymous survey study in the University Clinical Hospital in Wrocław, Poland, in April and May of 2021 after acquiring consent from the Medical University of Wrocław, Poland Bioethical Committee. The study results demonstrate that, to a significant extent, the decisions concerning vaccinations are based on factors that are difficult to change with rational argumentation, including people's personal opinions or beliefs concerning vaccinations and their earlier experiences with vaccinations. The study results suggest that the impregnating effect of one's own opinions, beliefs, and experiences can be surmounted if vaccines are dispensed free and conveniently while the pathogen is irrationally and emotionally perceived as untamed and possibly severe and life threatening. It makes a significant difference as in such cases that the percentage of participants whose decisions concerning vaccination are influenced by the risks to life or health of one's own or others rises by about 27 and 36 percent points, respectively. Therefore, in order to succeed, campaigns for vaccinations need to include strong subjective and emotional communication, appealing to negative emotions and exploiting the public's fear of the unknown while stressing tangible and personal threats possibly resulting from acquiring a vaccine-preventable infectious disease.
截至2022年，新冠疫情已持续两年，众所周知，疫苗是减轻健康、经济和社会影响的重要工具。不幸的是，疫苗犹豫仍然是一个严重的全球性问题，在普通人群和医护人员中均存在。作者在获得波兰弗罗茨瓦夫医科大学生物伦理委员会同意后，于2021年4月和5月在波兰弗罗茨瓦夫大学临床医院使用一份原创问卷进行了一项匿名调查研究。研究结果表明，在很大程度上，关于疫苗接种的决定是基于一些难以通过理性论证改变的因素，包括人们对疫苗接种的个人观点或信念以及他们早期的疫苗接种经历。研究结果表明，如果在病原体被非理性且情绪化地视为难以控制且可能严重并危及生命时免费且便捷地分发疫苗，那么个人观点、信念和经历的浸渍效应是可以克服的。这会产生显著差异，因为在这种情况下，其疫苗接种决定受自身或他人生命或健康风险影响的参与者比例分别提高了约27个百分点和36个百分点。因此，为了取得成功，疫苗接种宣传活动需要包括强烈的主观和情感沟通，唤起负面情绪并利用公众对未知的恐惧，同时强调因感染可通过疫苗预防的传染病可能产生的切实和个人威胁。
