Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
CDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Viruses. 2022 Jun 27;14(7):1395. doi: 10.3390/v14071395.
Noroviruses are associated with one fifth of diarrheal illnesses globally and are not yet preventable with vaccines. Little is known about the effects of norovirus infection on infant gut microbiome health, which has a demonstrated role in protecting hosts from pathogens and a possible role in oral vaccine performance. In this study, we characterized infant gut microbiome changes occurring with norovirus-associated acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and the extent of recovery. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on the stools of five infants participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study conducted in León, Nicaragua. Taxonomic and functional diversities of gut microbiomes were profiled at time points before, during, and after norovirus infection. Initially, the gut microbiomes resembled those of breastfeeding infants, rich in probiotic species. When disturbed by AGE, Gammaproteobacteria dominated, particularly species. Alpha diversity increased but the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and glycan biosynthesis decreased. After the symptoms subsided, the gut microbiomes rebounded with their taxonomic and functional communities resembling those of the pre-infection microbiomes. In this study, during disruptive norovirus-associated AGE, the gut microbiome was temporarily altered, returning to a pre-infection composition a median of 58 days later. Our study provides new insights for developing probiotic treatments and furthering our understanding of the role that episodes of AGE have in shaping the infant gut microbiome, their long-term outcomes, and implications for oral vaccine effectiveness.
诺如病毒与全球五分之一的腹泻病有关，目前还无法通过疫苗预防。人们对诺如病毒感染对婴儿肠道微生物组健康的影响知之甚少，而肠道微生物组在保护宿主免受病原体侵害方面具有重要作用，并且可能在口服疫苗的效果中发挥作用。在这项研究中，我们描述了与诺如病毒相关的急性胃肠炎（AGE）相关的婴儿肠道微生物组变化及其恢复程度。对参加在尼加拉瓜莱昂市进行的纵向出生队列研究的五名婴儿的粪便进行了宏基因组测序。在感染诺如病毒之前、期间和之后的时间点，对肠道微生物组的分类和功能多样性进行了分析。最初，肠道微生物组类似于母乳喂养婴儿的微生物组，富含益生菌物种。当受到 AGE 的干扰时，Gamma 变形菌占主导地位，特别是 物种。Alpha 多样性增加，但参与碳水化合物代谢和聚糖生物合成的基因减少。症状消退后，肠道微生物组恢复，其分类和功能群落类似于感染前的微生物组。在这项研究中，在具有破坏性的诺如病毒相关 AGE 期间，肠道微生物组暂时发生改变，中位数 58 天后恢复到感染前的组成。我们的研究为开发益生菌治疗方法提供了新的见解，并进一步了解 AGE 发作在塑造婴儿肠道微生物组、其长期结果以及对口服疫苗效果的影响方面的作用。
