Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Biomater Adv. 2022 Aug;139:213007. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213007. Epub 2022 Jun 28.
In this study, graphene oxide (GO)-based aerogels cross-linked with chitosan (CS), gelatin (GEL), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were characterized and their hemostatic efficiencies both in vitro and in vivo were investigated and compared to commercial materials (ChitoGauze®XR and Spongostan™). All aerogels exhibited highly porous structures and a negative surface charge density favorable to their interaction with blood cells. The in vitro studies showed that all aerogels coagulated >60 % of the blood contained in their structures after 240 s of the whole-blood clotting assay, the GO-CS aerogel being the one with the highest blood clotting. All aerogels showed high hemocompatibility, with hemolytic rates <5 %, indicating their use as biomaterials. Among them, the GO-GEL aerogel exhibited the lowest hemolytic activity, due possibly to its high GEL content compared to the GO amount. According to their blood clotting activity, aerogels did not promote coagulation through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. However, their surfaces are suitable for accelerating hemostasis by promoting alternative routes. All aerogels adhered platelets and gathered RBCs on their surfaces, and in addition the GO-CS aerogel surface also promoted the formation of filamentous fibrin networks adhered on its structure. Furthermore, in vivo evaluations revealed that all aerogels significantly shortened the hemostatic times and reduced the blood loss amounts compared both to the Spongostan™ and ChitoGauze®XR commercial materials and to the gauze sponge (control group). The hemostatic performance in vitro and in vivo of these aerogels suggests that they could be used as hemostats for controlling profuse bleedings.
在这项研究中，我们对壳聚糖（CS）、明胶（GEL）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）交联的氧化石墨烯（GO）基气凝胶进行了表征，并对其在体外和体内的止血效率进行了研究，并与商业材料（ChitoGauze®XR 和 Spongostan™）进行了比较。所有气凝胶都表现出高度多孔的结构和带负电荷的密度，有利于与血细胞相互作用。体外研究表明，在全血凝血试验 240 秒后，所有气凝胶都使包含在其结构中的血液凝结超过 60%，GO-CS 气凝胶的凝血效果最高。所有气凝胶都表现出高血液相容性，溶血率<5%，表明它们可用作生物材料。其中，GO-GEL 气凝胶的溶血活性最低，可能是由于其凝胶含量高，与 GO 量相比。根据其凝血活性，气凝胶不会通过外在和内在途径促进凝血。然而，它们的表面适合通过促进替代途径来加速止血。所有气凝胶都在其表面黏附血小板并聚集 RBC，此外，GO-CS 气凝胶表面还促进了黏附在其结构上的纤维蛋白丝状网络的形成。此外，体内评估结果表明，与 Spongostan™和 ChitoGauze®XR 商业材料以及纱布海绵（对照组）相比，所有气凝胶都显著缩短了止血时间并减少了出血量。这些气凝胶在体外和体内的止血性能表明，它们可用作控制大量出血的止血剂。
