An Unsupervised Neural Network Feature Selection and 1D Convolution Neural Network Classification for Screening of Parkinsonism.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. It has a slow progressing neurodegenerative disorder rate. PD patients have multiple motor and non-motor symptoms, including vocal impairment, which is one of the main symptoms. The identification of PD based on vocal disorders is at the forefront of research. In this paper, an experimental study is performed on an open source Kaggle PD speech dataset and novel comparative techniques were employed to identify PD. We proposed an unsupervised autoencoder feature selection technique, and passed the compressed features to supervised machine-learning (ML) algorithms. We also investigated the state-of-the-art deep learning 1D convolutional neural network (CNN-1D) for PD classification. In this study, the proposed algorithms are support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest, naïve Bayes, and CNN-1D. The classifier performance is evaluated in terms of accuracy score, precision, recall, and F1 score measure. The proposed 1D-CNN model shows the highest result of 0.927%, and logistic regression shows 0.922% on the benchmark dataset in terms of F1 measure. The major contribution of the proposed approach is that unsupervised neural network feature selection has not previously been investigated in Parkinson's detection. Clinicians can use these techniques to analyze the symptoms presented by patients and, based on the results of the above algorithms, can diagnose the disease at an early stage, which will allow for improved future treatment and care.