College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, China.
Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, China.
Cells. 2022 Jul 23;11(15):2275. doi: 10.3390/cells11152275.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, caused by species, is an extremely destructive fungal disease in wheat worldwide. In recent decades, researchers have made unremitting efforts in genetic breeding and control technology related to FHB and have made great progress, especially in the exploration of germplasm resources resistant to FHB; identification and pathogenesis of pathogenic strains; discovery and identification of disease-resistant genes; biochemical control, and so on. However, FHB burst have not been effectively controlled and thereby pose increasingly severe threats to wheat productivity. This review focuses on recent advances in pathogenesis, resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/genes, resistance mechanism, and signaling pathways. We identify two primary pathogenetic patterns of species and three significant signaling pathways mediated by UGT, WRKY, and SnRK1, respectively; many publicly approved superstar QTLs and genes are fully summarized to illustrate the pathogenetic patterns of species, signaling behavior of the major genes, and their sophisticated and dexterous crosstalk. Besides the research status of FHB resistance, breeding bottlenecks in resistant germplasm resources are also analyzed deeply. Finally, this review proposes that the maintenance of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) homeostasis, regulated by several TaCERK-mediated theoretical patterns, may play an important role in plant response to FHB and puts forward some suggestions on resistant QTL/gene mining and molecular breeding in order to provide a valuable reference to contain FHB outbreaks in agricultural production and promote the sustainable development of green agriculture.
镰刀菌穗腐病（FHB），又称赤霉病，由 种引起，是一种在世界范围内对小麦具有极强破坏性的真菌病害。近几十年来，研究人员在与 FHB 相关的遗传育种和控制技术方面进行了不懈的努力，并取得了巨大的进展，特别是在抗 FHB 种质资源的探索、病原菌的鉴定和发病机制、抗病基因的发现和鉴定、生化控制等方面。然而，FHB 的爆发并没有得到有效控制，从而对小麦生产力构成了日益严重的威胁。本综述重点介绍了近年来在发病机制、抗性数量性状位点（QTL）/基因、抗性机制和信号通路方面的研究进展。我们确定了 种的两种主要发病模式和由 UGT、WRKY 和 SnRK1 介导的三个重要信号通路；充分总结了许多已公开认可的超级 QTL 和基因，以阐明 种的发病模式、主要基因的信号行为及其复杂灵活的串扰。除了对 FHB 抗性的研究现状外，还深入分析了抗性种质资源的育种瓶颈。最后，本综述提出，由几个 TaCERK 介导的理论模式维持的细胞内 ROS（活性氧）稳态可能在植物对 FHB 的反应中发挥重要作用，并就抗性 QTL/基因挖掘和分子育种提出了一些建议，以期为遏制农业生产中的 FHB 爆发和促进绿色农业的可持续发展提供有价值的参考。
