Siddiqui Ruqaiyyah, Soopramanien Morhanavallee, Alharbi Ahmad M, Alfahemi Hasan, Khan Naveed Ahmed
College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
Vet Sci. 2022 Jul 25;9(8):380. doi: 10.3390/vetsci9080380.
The development of novel bioactive molecules is urgently needed, especially with increasing fatalities occurring due to infections by bacteria and escalating numbers of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria. Several lines of evidence show that the gut microbiome of cockroaches, snakes, crocodiles, water monitor lizards, and other species may possess molecules that are bioactive. As these animals are routinely exposed to a variety of microorganisms in their natural environments, it is likely that they have developed methods to counter these microbes, which may be a contributing factor in their persistence on the planet for millions of years. In addition to the immune system, the gut microbiota of a host may thwart colonization of the gastro-intestine by pathogenic and/or foreign microorganisms through two mechanisms: (i) production of molecules with antibacterial potential targeting foreign microorganisms, or (ii) production of molecules that trigger host immunity targeting foreign microorganisms that penetrate the host. Herein, we discuss and deliberate on the current literature examining antibacterial activities that stem from the gut bacteria of animals such as crocodiles, cockroaches, and water monitor lizards, amongst other interesting species, which likely encounter a plethora of microorganisms in their natural environments. The overall aim is to unveil a potential library of novel bioactive molecules for the benefit of human health and for utilization against infectious diseases.
迫切需要开发新型生物活性分子，尤其是考虑到细菌感染导致的死亡人数不断增加以及多重耐药细菌数量的不断攀升。有几条证据表明，蟑螂、蛇、鳄鱼、水巨蜥和其他物种的肠道微生物群可能含有具有生物活性的分子。由于这些动物在自然环境中经常接触各种微生物，它们很可能已经形成了对抗这些微生物的方法，这可能是它们在地球上存活数百万年的一个因素。除了免疫系统外，宿主的肠道微生物群可能通过两种机制阻止致病和/或外来微生物在胃肠道定植：（i）产生针对外来微生物具有抗菌潜力的分子，或（ii）产生触发宿主针对侵入宿主的外来微生物的免疫反应的分子。在此，我们讨论并审议了当前的文献，这些文献研究了鳄鱼、蟑螂、水巨蜥等有趣物种的肠道细菌产生的抗菌活性，这些物种在自然环境中可能会遇到大量微生物。总体目标是揭示一个潜在的新型生物活性分子库，以造福人类健康并用于对抗传染病。
