Michael Fausta, Mirambo Mariam M, Lyimo Dafrossa, Kyesi Furaha, Msanga Delfina R, Joachim Georgina, Nyaki Honest, Magodi Richard, Mujuni Delphius, Tinuga Florian, Bulula Ngwegwe, Nestory Bonaventura, Mongi Dhamira, Makuwani Ahmed, Katembo Betina, Mwengee William, Mphuru Alex, Mohamed Nassor, Kayabu David, Nyawale Helmut, Konje Eveline T, Mshana Stephen E
Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Jul 27;10(8):1188. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10081188.
Rubella virus (RV) infection in susceptible women during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with congenital Rubella syndrome (CRS). In countries where a vaccination program is implemented, active case surveillance is emphasized. This report documents the magnitude of active cases before and after vaccine implementation in Tanzania. A total of 8750 children and adolescents with signs and symptoms of RV infection were tested for Rubella IgM antibodies between 2013 and 2019 using enzyme immunoassay followed by descriptive analysis. The median age of participants was 3.8 (IQR: 2−6.4) years. About half (4867; 55.6%) of the participants were aged 1−5 years. The prevalence of RV active cases was 534 (32.6%, 95% CI: 30.2−34.9) and 219 (3.2%, 95% CI: 2.7−3.6) before and after vaccine implementation, respectively. Before vaccination, the highest prevalence was recorded in Pemba (78.6%) and the lowest was reported in Geita (15.6%), whereas, after vaccination, the prevalence ranged between 0.5% in Iringa and 6.5% in Pemba. Overall, >50% of the regions had a >90% reduction in active cases. The significant reduction in active cases after vaccine implementation in Tanzania underscores the need to sustain high vaccination coverage to prevent active infections and eventually eliminate CRS, which is the main goal of Rubella vaccine implementation.
妊娠头三个月期间，易感女性感染风疹病毒（RV）会导致先天性风疹综合征（CRS）。在实施疫苗接种计划的国家，重点是进行主动病例监测。本报告记录了坦桑尼亚实施疫苗接种前后活动性病例的数量。2013年至2019年期间，共对8750名有RV感染体征和症状的儿童及青少年进行了风疹IgM抗体检测，采用酶免疫测定法，随后进行描述性分析。参与者的中位年龄为3.8岁（四分位间距：2 - 6.4岁）。约一半（4867名；55.6%）的参与者年龄在1至5岁之间。疫苗接种实施前后，RV活动性病例的患病率分别为534例（32.6%，95%置信区间：30.2 - 34.9）和219例（3.2%，95%置信区间：2.7 - 3.6）。疫苗接种前，奔巴岛的患病率最高（78.6%），基塔的患病率最低（15.6%）；而疫苗接种后，患病率在伊林加为0.5%，在奔巴岛为6.5%。总体而言，超过50%的地区活动性病例减少了90%以上。坦桑尼亚疫苗接种实施后活动性病例显著减少，这突出表明需要维持高疫苗接种覆盖率，以预防活动性感染并最终消除CRS，这是实施风疹疫苗的主要目标。
