College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
East African Training Initiative, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022 Jul 5;107(2):252-259. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1270. Print 2022 Aug 17.
Data from much of Africa are still scarce on the clinical characteristics, outcomes of treatment, and factors associated with disease severity and mortality of COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Ethiopia's first COVID-19 treatment center. All consecutive symptomatic SARS CoV-2 RT-PCR positive individuals, aged 18 and older, admitted to the hospital between March 13 and September 16, 2020, were included. Of the total 463 cases, 319 (68.9%) were male. The median age was 45 years (interquartile range 32-62). The most common three symptoms were cough (69%), shortness of breath (SOB; 44%), and fatigue (37%). Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity, followed by diabetes mellitus. The age groups 40 to 59 and ≥ 60 were more likely to have severe disease compared with those < 40 years of age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.88-6.31 and aOR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.91-6.90, respectively). Other factors associated with disease severity included the presence of any malignancy (aOR = 4.64, 95% CI: 1.32-16.33) and SOB (aOR = 3.83, 95% CI: 2.35-6.25). The age group ≥ 60 was significantly associated with greater in-hospital mortality compared with those < 40 years. In addition, the presence of any malignancy, SOB, and vomiting were associated with higher odds of mortality. In Ethiopia, most COVID-19 patients were male and presented with cough, SOB, and fatigue. Older age, any malignancy, and SOB were associated with disease severity; these factors, in addition to vomiting, also predicted mortality.
非洲大部分地区关于 COVID-19 的临床特征、治疗结果以及与疾病严重程度和死亡率相关的因素的数据仍然很少。这是一项在埃塞俄比亚第一家 COVID-19 治疗中心 Eka Kotebe 综合医院进行的横断面研究。纳入 2020 年 3 月 13 日至 9 月 16 日期间因出现症状、SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR 阳性并收入医院的所有连续的 18 岁及以上的个体。在总共 463 例病例中，319 例（68.9%）为男性。中位年龄为 45 岁（四分位距 32-62）。最常见的三个症状是咳嗽（69%）、呼吸急促（SOB；44%）和疲劳（37%）。高血压是最常见的合并症，其次是糖尿病。与<40 岁的人相比，40-59 岁和≥60 岁的人更有可能患有严重疾病（调整后的优势比[aOR] = 3.45，95%置信区间[CI]：1.88-6.31 和 aOR = 3.46，95% CI：1.91-6.90）。其他与疾病严重程度相关的因素包括存在任何恶性肿瘤（aOR = 4.64，95% CI：1.32-16.33）和 SOB（aOR = 3.83，95% CI：2.35-6.25）。与<40 岁的人相比，≥60 岁的年龄组与更高的院内死亡率显著相关。此外，任何恶性肿瘤、SOB 和呕吐与更高的死亡风险相关。在埃塞俄比亚，大多数 COVID-19 患者为男性，出现咳嗽、SOB 和疲劳等症状。年龄较大、任何恶性肿瘤和 SOB 与疾病严重程度相关；除呕吐外，这些因素还可预测死亡率。
