Department of Internal Medicine, Research Development Office, Millennium COVID-19 Care Center, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Aug 5;21(1):759. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06465-1.
Studies show that having some symptoms seems to be associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis. Therefore, knowing who is more susceptible to symptomatic COVID-19 disease is important to provide targeted preventive and management practice. The aim of the study was to assess factors associated with the development of symptomatic disease among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.
A case-control study was conducted from August to September 2020 among a randomly selected 730 COVID-19 patients (337 Asymptomatic and 393 Symptomatic patients). Chi-square test and independent t-test were used to detect the presence of a statistically significant difference in the characteristics of the cases (symptomatic) and controls (asymptomatic), where p-value of < 0.05 considered as having a statistically significant difference. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess a statistically significant association between the independent variables and developing symptomatic COVID-19 where Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% CIs for AOR, and P-values were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.
The result of the multivariable binary logistic regression shows that age group (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.87, p-value = 0.002 for 30-39 years; AOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.06, 2.73, p-value = 0.028 for 40-49 years and AOR = 4.42, 95% CI = 2.75, 7.12, p-value = 0.0001 for ≥50 years), sex (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.26, 2.45, p-value = 0.001) and history of diabetes mellitus (AOR = 3.90, 95% CI = 1.92, 7.94, p-value = 0.0001) were found to be significant factors that determine the development of symptomatic disease in COVID-19 patients.
Developing a symptomatic COVID-19 disease was found to be associated with exposures of old age, male sex, and being diabetic. Therefore, patients with the above factors should be given enough attention in the prevention and management process, including inpatient management, to pick symptoms earlier and to manage accordingly so that these patients can have a favorable treatment outcome.
研究表明，出现某些症状似乎与疾病更严重和预后不良有关。因此，了解哪些人更容易患上有症状的 COVID-19 疾病，对于提供有针对性的预防和管理措施非常重要。本研究旨在评估与埃塞俄比亚千年 COVID-19 护理中心收治的 COVID-19 患者出现有症状疾病相关的因素。
2020 年 8 月至 9 月期间，采用病例对照研究方法，随机选择 730 名 COVID-19 患者（337 名无症状和 393 名有症状患者）。卡方检验和独立 t 检验用于检测病例（有症状）和对照（无症状）特征是否存在统计学显著差异，p 值<0.05 被认为具有统计学显著差异。多变量二项逻辑回归用于评估独立变量与发展为有症状 COVID-19 之间的统计学显著关联，使用调整后的优势比（AOR）、AOR 的 95%置信区间（CI）和 P 值用于检验显著性和解释结果。
多变量二项逻辑回归的结果表明，年龄组（AOR=1.89，95%CI=1.25，2.87，p 值=0.002，30-39 岁；AOR=1.69，95%CI=1.06，2.73，p 值=0.028，40-49 岁；AOR=4.42，95%CI=2.75，7.12，p 值=0.0001，≥50 岁）、性别（AOR=1.76，95%CI=1.26，2.45，p 值=0.001）和糖尿病史（AOR=3.90，95%CI=1.92，7.94，p 值=0.0001）被发现是确定 COVID-19 患者出现有症状疾病的重要因素。
出现有症状的 COVID-19 疾病与暴露于老年、男性和糖尿病有关。因此，在预防和管理过程中，应给予具有上述因素的患者足够的关注，包括住院管理，以便更早地发现症状并进行相应的管理，从而使这些患者获得良好的治疗效果。
