Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Molecules. 2022 Jul 25;27(15):4753. doi: 10.3390/molecules27154753.
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder involving persistent spontaneous seizures and uncontrolled neuronal excitability that leads to cognitive impairments and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Currently available antiepileptic drugs present side effects and researchers are trying to discover new agents with properties to overcome these drawbacks. The aim was to synthesize magnesium oxide (MgO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles from fresh leaf extracts and evaluate their anti-epileptic potential in mice kindling or a repetitive seizures model. The phytoassisted synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using spectroscopy; FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Analysis of the NPs confirmed the crystalline pleomorphic shape using the salts of both zinc and magnesium possibly stabilized, functionalized and reduced by bioactive molecules present in plant extract. By using several characterization techniques, NPs were confirmed. UV-Vis spectroscopy of biologically produced ZnO and MgO revealed distinctive peaks at 380 nm and 242 nm, respectively. Our findings categorically demonstrated the reductive role of biomolecules in the formation of ZnO and MgO NPs. The mice kindling model was induced using seven injections of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 40 mg/kg, i.p) for 15 days alternatively. The results showed that mice post-treated with either ZnO or MgO nanoparticles (10 mg/kg, i.p) significantly improved in respect of behavior and memory as confirmed in the Morris water maze (MWM), open field (OF), novel object recognition (NOR) test compared with PTZ treated mice. Furthermore, the ZnO and MgO nanoparticle treatment also maintained the integrity of the BBB, reducing the leakage, as confirmed by Evans blue dye (EBD) compared with PTZ treated mice only. In summary, the current finding demonstrates that green synthesized ZnO and MgO nanoparticles have neuroprotective, ant-epileptic potential, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications need to be further explored.
癫痫是一种涉及持续自发性发作和神经元兴奋性失控的神经障碍，导致认知障碍和血脑屏障（BBB）破坏。目前可用的抗癫痫药物存在副作用，研究人员正在努力发现具有克服这些缺点的特性的新药物。目的是从新鲜叶片提取物中合成氧化镁（MgO）和氧化锌（ZnO）纳米粒子，并在小鼠点燃或重复癫痫发作模型中评估其抗癫痫潜力。使用光谱法；FT-IR、XRD、SEM 和 EDX 对植物辅助合成的纳米粒子进行了表征。纳米粒子的分析证实了使用锌和镁的盐可能稳定、功能化和由植物提取物中存在的生物活性分子还原的多晶形态。通过使用几种表征技术，证实了 NPs。生物产生的 ZnO 和 MgO 的紫外可见光谱分别在 380nm 和 242nm 处显示出独特的峰。我们的研究结果明确表明了生物分子在 ZnO 和 MgO NPs 形成中的还原作用。使用七次戊四氮（PTZ，40mg/kg，ip）注射诱导小鼠点燃模型，为期 15 天。结果表明，与 PTZ 处理的小鼠相比，用 ZnO 或 MgO 纳米粒子（10mg/kg，ip）后处理的小鼠在行为和记忆方面均有显著改善，这在 Morris 水迷宫（MWM）、旷场（OF）和新物体识别（NOR）测试中得到了证实。此外，与仅用 PTZ 处理的小鼠相比，ZnO 和 MgO 纳米粒子处理还维持了 BBB 的完整性，减少了 Evans 蓝染料（EBD）的渗漏。总之，目前的发现表明，绿色合成的 ZnO 和 MgO 纳米粒子具有神经保护、抗癫痫潜力、分子机制和临床意义，需要进一步探索。
