Liu Jizhe, Wang Fei, Zhang Yindan, Liu Jingfeng, Zhao Bixing
The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Jul 11;10:956649. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956649. eCollection 2022.
It is well known that the stability of RNA, the interaction between RNA and protein, and the correct translation of protein are significant forces that drive the transition from normal cell to malignant tumor. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is an RNA editing enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I), which is one dynamic modification that in a combinatorial manner can give rise to a very diverse transcriptome. ADAR1-mediated RNA editing is essential for survival in mammals and its dysregulation results in aberrant editing of its substrates that may affect the phenotypic changes in cancer. This overediting phenomenon occurs in many cancers, such as liver, lung, breast, and esophageal cancers, and promotes tumor progression in most cases. In addition to its editing role, ADAR1 can also play an editing-independent role, although current research on this mechanism is relatively shallowly explored in tumors. In this review, we summarize the nature of ADAR1, mechanisms of ADAR1 editing-dependent and editing-independent and implications for tumorigenesis and prognosis, and pay special attention to effects of ADAR1 on cancers by regulating non-coding RNA formation and function.
众所周知，RNA的稳定性、RNA与蛋白质之间的相互作用以及蛋白质的正确翻译是驱动正常细胞向恶性肿瘤转变的重要力量。作用于RNA 1的腺苷脱氨酶（ADAR1）是一种RNA编辑酶，可催化腺苷脱氨生成肌苷（A-to-I），这是一种动态修饰，能够以组合方式产生非常多样的转录组。ADAR1介导的RNA编辑对于哺乳动物的生存至关重要，其失调会导致其底物的异常编辑，这可能会影响癌症中的表型变化。这种过度编辑现象发生在许多癌症中，如肝癌、肺癌、乳腺癌和食管癌，并且在大多数情况下会促进肿瘤进展。除了其编辑作用外，ADAR1还可以发挥不依赖编辑的作用，尽管目前关于这一机制在肿瘤中的研究相对较少。在这篇综述中，我们总结了ADAR1的性质、ADAR1依赖编辑和不依赖编辑的机制及其对肿瘤发生和预后的影响，并特别关注ADAR1通过调节非编码RNA的形成和功能对癌症的影响。
