Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 12;13:849780. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849780. eCollection 2022.
Emerging data demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays an important role in protecting the integrity of the epithelial barrier, forming a mucosal immune system, and maintaining intestinal homeostasis through its metabolites. However, the intestinal microbiota community can be affected by environmental factors, such as litter, photoperiod, or temperature. Thus, we investigated the effect of different monochromatic light combinations on cecal microbiota composition as well as explored the molecular mechanism by how the external light color information mediate cecal tonsil T lymphocyte proliferation. In this study, a total of 160 chicks were exposed to monochromatic light [red (R), green (G), blue (B), or white (W) light] or green and blue monochromatic light combination (G→B) from P0 to P42. The 16S rRNA microbial sequencing results showed that the richness and diversity of the cecum microbiota and the abundance of and were significantly increased in the G→B. With consistency in the upregulation of antioxidant enzyme ability and downregulation of pro-inflammation levels in the cecum, we observed an increase in the number of goblet cells, secretory IgA+ cells, tight junction protein (occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1) and MUC-2 expression in the cecum of the G→B. The metabolomics analysis revealed that the relative abundance of metabolites related to butyrate was significantly increased in G→B. In an experiment, we found that butyrate could effectively induce T lymphocyte proliferation and cyclin D1 protein expression. However, these butyrate responses were abrogated by HDAC3 agonists, STAT3 antagonists, or mTOR antagonists but were mimicked by GPR43 agonists or HDAC3 antagonists. Thus, we suggested that G→B can indirectly affect the composition of cecal microbiota as well as increase the relative abundance of and and butyrate production by reducing the level of oxidative stress in the cecum. Exogenous butyrate could promote the T lymphocyte proliferation of cecal tonsil by activating the GPR43/HDAC3/p-STAT3/mTOR pathways.
新兴数据表明，肠道微生物群在保护上皮屏障完整性、形成黏膜免疫系统和维持肠道内环境平衡方面发挥着重要作用，其代谢产物在其中起到了关键作用。然而，肠道微生物群落会受到环境因素的影响，例如垫料、光周期或温度。因此，我们研究了不同单色光组合对盲肠微生物群落组成的影响，并探讨了外部光颜色信息如何通过调节盲肠扁桃体 T 淋巴细胞增殖来介导盲肠扁桃体 T 淋巴细胞增殖的分子机制。在这项研究中，总共 160 只小鸡从 P0 到 P42 暴露于单色光（R、G、B 或 W 光）或绿蓝单色光组合（G→B）中。16S rRNA 微生物测序结果显示，G→B 组盲肠微生物群落的丰富度和多样性以及丰度显著增加。同时，盲肠中的抗氧化酶能力上调和促炎水平下调一致，我们观察到盲肠中杯状细胞、分泌型 IgA+细胞、紧密连接蛋白（occludin、ZO-1 和 claudin-1）和 MUC-2 的表达增加。代谢组学分析显示，G→B 中与丁酸相关的代谢物相对丰度显著增加。在实验中，我们发现丁酸可以有效诱导 T 淋巴细胞增殖和 cyclin D1 蛋白表达。然而，这些丁酸反应被 HDAC3 激动剂、STAT3 拮抗剂或 mTOR 拮抗剂阻断，但被 GPR43 激动剂或 HDAC3 拮抗剂模拟。因此，我们认为 G→B 可以通过降低盲肠中的氧化应激水平，间接影响盲肠微生物群落的组成，增加和的相对丰度和丁酸的产生。外源性丁酸可以通过激活 GPR43/HDAC3/p-STAT3/mTOR 通路促进盲肠扁桃体 T 淋巴细胞增殖。
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