Yin Liping
School of Cultural Industry and Tourism Management, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jul 12;13:924302. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.924302. eCollection 2022.
Entrepreneurship is vital in solving the challenges involved in the employment of college students in China. The two viewpoints on the relationship between employment and entrepreneurship are the refugee effect and the entrepreneurial effect. However, the micro-mechanism of this association is yet to be comprehensively discussed. Based on the refugee effect and entrepreneurial effect, along with the entrepreneurial values as the mediating mechanism and the entrepreneurial environment as the moderating variable, this study establishes a theoretical model exploring the impact of employment pressure on necessity entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship of college students. Moreover, it selected 14 universities covering the eastern, central, and western regions of China. A total of 1,187 college students were surveyed anonymously using a standardized questionnaire. Then, SPSS 24.0 and Mplus 7.0 were employed to process and analyze the data, and the Structural Equation Modeling was established to test the hypothesis. The results demonstrated that employment pressure had a significant positive impact on college students' necessity for entrepreneurship. Also, employment pressure indirectly affected necessity entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship through the mediating effect of entrepreneurial values. The entrepreneurial environment (a) positively moderated the relationship between employment pressure, necessity entrepreneurship, and opportunity entrepreneurship and (b) moderated the mediating effect of entrepreneurial values. That is, in a favorable entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial values have a stronger mediating effect. Starting from cognitive psychology, this study explored the micro-psychological mechanism of individual employment pressure that has influenced entrepreneurial motivation. It has enriched the existing literature on the entrepreneurship theory of college students, underlining that the hypothesis on refugee effect and entrepreneurial effect is also applicable at the micro-level. On top of that, it has provided a practical reference for the employment and entrepreneurship of current Chinese college students.
创业对于解决中国大学生就业所涉及的挑战至关重要。关于就业与创业关系的两种观点是难民效应和创业效应。然而，这种关联的微观机制尚未得到全面讨论。基于难民效应和创业效应，以创业价值观作为中介机制，创业环境作为调节变量，本研究建立了一个理论模型，探讨就业压力对大学生生存型创业和机会型创业的影响。此外，研究选取了覆盖中国东部、中部和西部地区的14所大学。使用标准化问卷对1187名大学生进行了匿名调查。然后，运用SPSS 24.0和Mplus 7.0对数据进行处理和分析，并建立结构方程模型来检验假设。结果表明，就业压力对大学生的创业必要性有显著的正向影响。此外，就业压力通过创业价值观的中介作用间接影响生存型创业和机会型创业。创业环境（a）正向调节就业压力、生存型创业和机会型创业之间的关系，（b）调节创业价值观的中介作用。也就是说，在有利的创业环境中，创业价值观具有更强的中介作用。本研究从认知心理学出发，探讨了个体就业压力影响创业动机的微观心理机制。它丰富了现有的大学生创业理论文献，强调难民效应和创业效应的假设在微观层面也是适用的。除此之外，它为当前中国大学生的就业和创业提供了实践参考。
