Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
J Clin Nurs. 2023 Jul;32(13-14):2951-2968. doi: 10.1111/jocn.16478. Epub 2022 Jul 31.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are being applied in nursing and midwifery to improve decision-making, patient care and service delivery. However, an understanding of the real-world applications of AI across all domains of both professions is limited.
To synthesise literature on AI in nursing and midwifery.
CINAHL, Embase, PubMed and Scopus were searched using relevant terms. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened against eligibility criteria. Data were extracted, analysed, and findings were presented in a descriptive summary. The PRISMA checklist guided the review conduct and reporting.
One hundred and forty articles were included. Nurses' and midwives' involvement in AI varied, with some taking an active role in testing, using or evaluating AI-based technologies; however, many studies did not include either profession. AI was mainly applied in clinical practice to direct patient care (n = 115, 82.14%), with fewer studies focusing on administration and management (n = 21, 15.00%), or education (n = 4, 2.85%). Benefits reported were primarily potential as most studies trained and tested AI algorithms. Only a handful (n = 8, 7.14%) reported actual benefits when AI techniques were applied in real-world settings. Risks and limitations included poor quality datasets that could introduce bias, the need for clinical interpretation of AI-based results, privacy and trust issues, and inadequate AI expertise among the professions.
Digital health datasets should be put in place to support the testing, use, and evaluation of AI in nursing and midwifery. Curricula need to be developed to educate the professions about AI, so they can lead and participate in these digital initiatives in healthcare.
Adult, paediatric, mental health and learning disability nurses, along with midwives should have a more active role in rigorous, interdisciplinary research evaluating AI-based technologies in professional practice to determine their clinical efficacy as well as their ethical, legal and social implications in healthcare.
人工智能 (AI) 技术正在护理和助产学中得到应用，以提高决策、患者护理和服务提供的质量。然而，人们对这两个专业领域中 AI 的实际应用的理解是有限的。
综合护理和助产学中人工智能的文献。
使用相关术语在 CINAHL、Embase、PubMed 和 Scopus 中进行搜索。根据入选标准筛选标题、摘要和全文。提取数据，进行分析，并以描述性摘要呈现结果。PRISMA 清单指导了审查的进行和报告。
共纳入 140 篇文章。护士和助产妇在 AI 中的参与程度各不相同，一些人在测试、使用或评估基于 AI 的技术方面发挥了积极作用；然而，许多研究并未涉及这两个专业。AI 主要应用于临床实践，以指导患者护理（n=115，82.14%），较少的研究关注管理和管理（n=21，15.00%），或教育（n=4，2.85%）。报告的好处主要是潜在的，因为大多数研究都在培训和测试 AI 算法。只有少数（n=8，7.14%）在 AI 技术在实际环境中应用时报告了实际收益。风险和限制包括可能引入偏差的数据质量差，需要对基于 AI 的结果进行临床解释，隐私和信任问题，以及专业人员中缺乏 AI 专业知识。
应建立数字健康数据集，以支持护理和助产学中 AI 的测试、使用和评估。需要制定课程，使专业人员了解 AI，以便他们能够领导和参与医疗保健中的这些数字计划。
成人、儿科、精神健康和学习障碍护士以及助产妇应在严格的跨学科研究中发挥更积极的作用，评估基于 AI 的技术在专业实践中的应用，以确定其临床疗效，以及其在医疗保健中的伦理、法律和社会影响。
