Cruz-Magalhães Valter, Nieto-Jacobo Maria Fernanda, Rostás Michael, Echaide-Aquino Jesus Francisco, Esquivel-Naranjo Edgardo Ulises, Stewart Alison, Loguercio Leandro L, Mendoza-Mendoza Artemio
Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Ellesmere Jct Rd, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
Curr Res Microb Sci. 2022 May 18;3:100139. doi: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100139. eCollection 2022.
The Skn7, Ssk1 and Rim15 proteins are response regulators involved in osmotic, oxidative and nutritional stress in fungi. In order to verify the involvement of these genes in IMI206040's growth, conidiation, direct antagonism against plant pathogens ( and ), production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with fungistatic effect, and interaction with plants (growth promotion), single mutants were generated, and the phenotypic patterns were analysed in comparison to the wild-type () strain. The mutants were submitted to osmotic, oxidative, membrane and cell wall stress conditions in vitro. The Δ and Δ mutants did not show either significant differences at morphological level, or marked decreases in mycelial growth and conidiation in relation to , whereas Δ had altered phenotypes in most conditions tested. The plant-growth promotion of seedlings induced by VOCs was not quantitatively modified by any of the mutants in relation to the strain, although possible differences in secondary root hairs was noticed for Δ. The fungistatic activity was significantly altered for Δ and Δ. Overall, the Δ strain showed remarkable morphological differences, with decrease in mycelial growth and conidiation, being also affected in the antagonistic capacity against plant pathogens. The impacts demonstrated by the deletion of suggest this gene has a relevant participation in the signalling response to different stresses in and in the interactive metabolism with phytopathogens and plants. On the other hand, unlike other fungal models, Skn7 did not appear to have a critical participation in the above-mentioned processes; Rim15 seemed to confirm its involvement in modulating cellular responses to nutritional status, although with a possible cross-talk with other cellular processes. Our results suggest that Ssk1 likely plays a key regulatory role, not only in basic metabolisms of , but also in biocontrol-related characteristics.
Skn7、Ssk1和Rim15蛋白是参与真菌渗透、氧化和营养胁迫的响应调节因子。为了验证这些基因在IMI206040生长、产孢、对植物病原体的直接拮抗作用（以及）、产生具有抑菌作用的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）以及与植物的相互作用（促进生长）中的作用，构建了单突变体，并与野生型（）菌株相比分析了表型模式。在体外将突变体置于渗透、氧化、膜和细胞壁胁迫条件下。Δ和Δ突变体在形态水平上既没有显示出显著差异，相对于而言，菌丝生长和产孢也没有明显下降，而Δ在大多数测试条件下具有改变的表型。与菌株相比，任何突变体对VOCs诱导的幼苗的植物生长促进作用在数量上均未改变，尽管注意到Δ在侧根毛上可能存在差异。Δ和Δ的抑菌活性显著改变。总体而言，Δ菌株表现出明显的形态差异，菌丝生长和产孢减少，对植物病原体的拮抗能力也受到影响。缺失所显示的影响表明该基因在对不同胁迫的信号响应以及与植物病原体和植物的相互代谢中具有重要作用。另一方面，与其他真菌模型不同，Skn7似乎在上述过程中没有关键作用；Rim15似乎证实了其参与调节细胞对营养状态的反应，尽管可能与其他细胞过程存在相互作用。我们的结果表明，Ssk1不仅可能在的基本代谢中发挥关键调节作用，而且在与生物防治相关的特性中也发挥关键调节作用。
