Sadus Kathrin, Göttmann Jan, Schubert Anna-Lena
Institute of Psychology, Ruprecht Karl University Heidelberg, Hauptstraße 47-51, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Wallstraße 3, 55122 Mainz, Germany.
Z Gesundh Wiss. 2022 Jul 27:1-17. doi: 10.1007/s10389-022-01727-x.
With the COVID-19 pandemic, we witnessed an increase in purchases of certain products, such as toilet paper, disinfectants, or groceries. In the present study, we examined the individual and socio-psychological determinants of stockpiling behavior. For this purpose, we defined an explanatory model based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), which includes threat perceptions, barriers and benefits, and self-efficacy beliefs as main predictors of health-related behaviors, and extended the model to include social norms.
Participants were recruited via social media platforms and data collection was conducted via an online survey. The final sample included 861 German respondents (male = 199, female = 642, mean age = 36.76, SD = 12.38).
Perceived barriers of stockpiling, such as financial constraints or regulations in supermarkets, turned out to be the strongest predictors of stockpiling. Regarding the role of threat perception, the perceived severity of the disease in particular was positively related to stockpiling behavior. Finally, our results suggest a significant impact of social cues, showing that descriptive normative beliefs are associated with stockpiling behavior.
Based on these findings, we propose targeted interventions to a) reduce perceived benefits of stockpiling and severity beliefs related to COVID-19, b) emphasize disadvantages of stockpiling, and c) reduce media exposure of stockpiling behavior to prevent panic buying.
在新冠疫情期间，我们目睹了某些产品（如卫生纸、消毒剂或食品杂货）购买量的增加。在本研究中，我们考察了囤货行为的个体及社会心理决定因素。为此，我们基于健康信念模型（HBM）定义了一个解释模型，该模型将威胁认知、障碍与益处以及自我效能信念作为健康相关行为的主要预测因素，并对该模型进行扩展以纳入社会规范。
通过社交媒体平台招募参与者，并通过在线调查进行数据收集。最终样本包括861名德国受访者（男性 = 199人，女性 = 642人，平均年龄 = 36.76岁，标准差 = 12.38）。
囤货的感知障碍，如经济限制或超市规定，是囤货行为最强的预测因素。关于威胁认知的作用，尤其是对疾病严重程度的感知与囤货行为呈正相关。最后，我们的结果表明社会线索有显著影响，表明描述性规范信念与囤货行为相关。
基于这些发现，我们提出有针对性的干预措施，以：a）减少囤货的感知益处以及与新冠病毒相关的严重程度信念；b）强调囤货的弊端；c）减少囤货行为在媒体上的曝光，以防止恐慌性购买。
