Ollodart Jenna, Contino Kelly F, Deep Gagan, Shiozawa Yusuke
Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
Bone Rep. 2022 Jul 21;17:101606. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101606. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Bone is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis. Once cancer metastasizes to the bone, the mortality rate of cancer patients dramatically increases. Although the exact mechanisms for this observation remain elusive, recent studies have revealed that the complex crosstalk between bone marrow microenvironment and bone metastatic cancer cells is responsible for the induction of treatment resistance. Consequently, bone metastasis is currently considered incurable. Bone metastasis not only impairs the patients' survival, but also negatively affects their quality of life by causing painful complications. It has recently been implicated the regulatory role of exosomes in cancer development and/or progression as a delivery biomaterial between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. However, little is known as to how exosomes contribute to the progression of bone metastasis by impaction on the crosstalk between bone metastatic cancer cells and bone marrow microenvironment. Here, we highlighted the emerging roles of cancer-derived exosomes in (i) the process of dissemination and bone colonization of bone metastatic cancer cells, (ii) the enhancement of crosstalk between bone marrow microenvironment and bone metastatic cancer cells, (iii) the development of its resultant painful complications, and (iv) the clinical applications of exosomes in the bone metastatic setting.
骨是癌症转移最常见的部位之一。一旦癌症转移至骨，癌症患者的死亡率会显著增加。尽管这一现象的确切机制仍不清楚，但最近的研究表明，骨髓微环境与骨转移癌细胞之间复杂的相互作用是导致治疗耐药性的原因。因此，目前骨转移被认为是无法治愈的。骨转移不仅会影响患者的生存，还会因引发疼痛并发症而对他们的生活质量产生负面影响。最近有研究表明，外泌体作为癌细胞与肿瘤微环境之间的传递生物材料，在癌症发展和/或进展中发挥调节作用。然而，关于外泌体如何通过影响骨转移癌细胞与骨髓微环境之间的相互作用来促进骨转移进展，我们所知甚少。在此，我们重点阐述了癌症来源的外泌体在以下几个方面的新作用：（i）骨转移癌细胞的播散和骨定植过程；（ii）骨髓微环境与骨转移癌细胞之间相互作用的增强；（iii）由此产生的疼痛并发症的发展；（iv）外泌体在骨转移环境中的临床应用。
