Fan Yuxuan, Zhang Bo, Huang Guohao, Zhang Guoying, Ding Zhiyuan, Li Zhiyu, Sinclair Jonathan, Fan Yifang
Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
College of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Jul 13;14:909551. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.909551. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND: Age-induced sarcopenia negatively affects walking stability and increases the risk of falls, which is the leading cause of accidental death in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze and contrast body composition and gait characteristics in those with sarcopenia in relation to healthy controls to shed some light on the prevention of falls in elderly patients with sarcopenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 68 community dwellers were scanned by the Hologic QDR-4500A Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) results were used to distinguish the normal participants from those with sarcopenia: 24 in the sarcopenia group, and 44 into the normal group. The participants were asked to undergo gait analysis on a plantar pressure measurement system. Statistical analysis was conducted to contrast both groups' gait and butterfly parameters from their gait test, and then a gait forward dynamics method was performed to quantify the analysis for both groups. RESULTS: The ALMI of the female was not related to their age ( = 0.06) while that of the male was weakly related ( = 0.17). Body mass index (BMI) from both groups was normal, although with a statistically greater BMI from the normal group compared with sarcopenia ( < 0.001). Greater values and significant differences were found in step length and stride length from the normal elderly group ( < 0.01), and so was the length of the gait line and single support line ( < 0.05). Gait forward dynamics analysis results showed no motor neural or musculoskeletal disorders in their gait performance from the sarcopenia group. CONCLUSION: For the elderly, age did not largely affect the ALMI, BMI, or score, but BMI and ALMI were strongly correlated. In this study, significant differences were found in certain gait parameters between the elderly with sarcopenia and the normal elderly, which were related to absolute muscle strength, suggesting that sarcopenia was a disease mainly caused by decreased muscle mass. In addition, when abnormities were identified in step length, stride length, length of gait line, or length of single support line, it is proposed to take a DXA scan to confirm whether the elderly suffer from sarcopenia.
背景：年龄相关的肌肉减少症对行走稳定性产生负面影响，并增加跌倒风险，而跌倒是老年人意外死亡的主要原因。 目的：本研究旨在分析和对比肌肉减少症患者与健康对照者的身体成分和步态特征，以阐明老年肌肉减少症患者跌倒的预防方法。 材料与方法：本研究中，68名社区居民接受了Hologic QDR - 4500A双能X线吸收仪（DXA）扫描。采用四肢瘦体重指数（ALMI）结果区分正常参与者和肌肉减少症患者：肌肉减少症组24例，正常组44例。参与者被要求在足底压力测量系统上进行步态分析。进行统计分析以对比两组步态测试中的步态和蝴蝶参数，然后采用步态前向动力学方法对两组进行量化分析。 结果：女性的ALMI与年龄无关（r = 0.06），而男性的ALMI与年龄呈弱相关（r = 0.17）。两组的体重指数（BMI）均正常，尽管正常组的BMI在统计学上高于肌肉减少症组（P < 0.001）。正常老年组的步长和步幅值更大且差异显著（P < 0.01），步态线和单支撑线的长度也是如此（P < 0.05）。步态前向动力学分析结果显示，肌肉减少症组的步态表现未出现运动神经或肌肉骨骼障碍。 结论：对于老年人，年龄对ALMI、BMI或评分影响不大，但BMI与ALMI密切相关。本研究发现，肌肉减少症老年人与正常老年人在某些步态参数上存在显著差异，这些差异与绝对肌肉力量有关，表明肌肉减少症是一种主要由肌肉量减少引起的疾病。此外，当步长、步幅、步态线长度或单支撑线长度出现异常时，建议进行DXA扫描以确认老年人是否患有肌肉减少症。
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