Bosáková Veronika, De Zuani Marco, Sládková Lucie, Garlíková Zuzana, Jose Shyam Sushama, Zelante Teresa, Hortová Kohoutková Marcela, Frič Jan
International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Jul 13;10:899368. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.899368. eCollection 2022.
Organoids are complex multicellular three-dimensional (3D) models that are designed to allow accurate studies of the molecular processes and pathologies of human organs. Organoids can be derived from a variety of cell types, such as human primary progenitor cells, pluripotent stem cells, or tumor-derived cells and can be co-cultured with immune or microbial cells to further mimic the tissue niche. Here, we focus on the development of 3D lung organoids and their use as disease models and drug screening tools. We introduce the various experimental approaches used to model complex human diseases and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss validation of the organoids and their physiological relevance to the study of lung diseases. Furthermore, we summarize the current use of lung organoids as models of host-pathogen interactions and human lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we discuss the use of lung organoids derived from tumor cells as lung cancer models and their application in personalized cancer medicine research. Finally, we outline the future of research in the field of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids.
类器官是复杂的多细胞三维（3D）模型，旨在实现对人体器官分子过程和病理学的精确研究。类器官可以从多种细胞类型中获得，例如人类原代祖细胞、多能干细胞或肿瘤衍生细胞，并且可以与免疫细胞或微生物细胞共培养，以进一步模拟组织微环境。在此，我们重点关注3D肺类器官的发展及其作为疾病模型和药物筛选工具的应用。我们介绍了用于模拟复杂人类疾病的各种实验方法，并分析了它们的优缺点。我们还讨论了类器官的验证及其与肺部疾病研究的生理相关性。此外，我们总结了目前肺类器官作为宿主-病原体相互作用模型以及人类肺部疾病（如囊性纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺疾病或SARS-CoV-2感染）模型的应用。此外，我们讨论了源自肿瘤细胞的肺类器官作为肺癌模型的用途及其在个性化癌症医学研究中的应用。最后，我们概述了人类诱导多能干细胞衍生类器官领域的未来研究方向。
