中国安徽城乡中学生近视相关因素比较。

Comparison of Factors Associated with Myopia among Middle School Students in Urban and Rural Regions of Anhui, China.

机构信息

Anhui Owl Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, China.

Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.

出版信息

Optom Vis Sci. 2022 Sep 1;99(9):702-710. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001933. Epub 2022 Aug 2.

DOI:10.1097/OPX.0000000000001933

PMID:35914091

Abstract

SIGNIFICANCE

The prevention and control of myopia have become a major public health task throughout the world. The analysis of the modifiable factors associated with myopia will help in planning concrete strategies that can be widely implemented by schools and families.

PURPOSE

This study assessed the modifiable factors associated with myopia and compared them between rural and urban regions.

METHODS

Data were collected from December 2020 to March 2021. A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 6154 middle school students. All children underwent an eye examination, including visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction. Data on near work, sleep, and outdoor activities were collected in questionnaires.

RESULTS

The myopia prevalence values in urban and rural regions were 68.1 and 63.7%, respectively ( χ2 = 15.57, P < .001). More than 3 hours of homework per day (odds ratio [OR] in urban and rural regions, 1.36 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.07 to 1.75] vs. 1.72 [95% CI, 1.43 to 2.07]), 36 to 40 core subjects per week (OR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.57] vs. 1.42 [95% CI, 1.24 to 1.64]), and going to sleep before 10 o'clock (OR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.93] vs. 0.50 [95% CI, 0.28 to 0.90]) were significantly associated with myopia in both regions. In contrast, taking breaks during near work was a significant factor in the rural region (<1 hour: OR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.42 to 0.76]; 1 to 2 hours: OR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.46 to 0.86]) but not in the urban region. More time outdoors per day was associated with a reduced prevalence of myopia only for urban children (2 to 3 hours: OR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.31 to 0.97]; >3 hours: OR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.19 to 0.75]).

CONCLUSIONS

Homework loads and the time of going to sleep were associated with myopia for children in both urban and rural regions. However, time outdoors was only associated with myopia in urban regions, and taking breaks during near work was only associated with myopia in rural regions.

摘要

意义

近视的预防和控制已成为全球主要的公共卫生任务。分析与近视相关的可改变因素将有助于规划具体的策略，可以由学校和家庭广泛实施。

目的

本研究评估了与近视相关的可改变因素，并比较了城乡地区之间的差异。

方法

数据收集于 2020 年 12 月至 2021 年 3 月。采用多阶段分层聚类抽样方法选取 6154 名中学生。所有儿童均接受视力检查，包括视力和睫状肌麻痹验光。通过问卷收集近距工作、睡眠和户外活动的数据。

结果

城市和农村地区的近视患病率分别为 68.1%和 63.7%（χ2=15.57，P<0.001）。每天做超过 3 小时的家庭作业（城市和农村地区的优势比[OR]，1.36[95%置信区间{CI}，1.07 至 1.75] vs. 1.72[95%CI，1.43 至 2.07]），每周有 36 到 40 门核心课程（OR，1.30[95%CI，1.04 至 1.57] vs. 1.42[95%CI，1.24 至 1.64]），以及在 10 点前睡觉（OR，0.56[95%CI，0.32 至 0.93] vs. 0.50[95%CI，0.28 至 0.90]）与两个地区的近视均显著相关。相比之下，在近距工作期间休息是农村地区近视的一个显著因素（<1 小时：OR，0.57[95%CI，0.42 至 0.76]；1 至 2 小时：OR，0.63[95%CI，0.46 至 0.86]），但在城市地区并非如此。每天户外活动时间与城市儿童近视患病率降低相关（2 至 3 小时：OR，0.55[95%CI，0.31 至 0.97]；>3 小时：OR，0.38[95%CI，0.19 至 0.75]）。