Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of UST C, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
Drug Deliv. 2022 Dec;29(1):2513-2538. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2104404.
Increasing evidences show that unmodified extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various cells can effectively inhibit the malignant progression of different types of tumors by delivering the bioactive molecules. Therefore, EVs are expected to be developed as emerging anticancer drugs. Meanwhile, unmodified EVs as an advanced and promising nanocarrier that is frequently used in targeted delivery therapeutic cargos and personalized reagents for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. To improve the efficacy of EV-based treatments, researchers are trying to engineering EVs as an emerging nanomedicine translational therapy platform through biological, physical and chemical approaches, which can be broaden and altered to enhance their therapeutic capability. EVs loaded with therapeutic components such as tumor suppressor drugs, siRNAs, proteins, peptides, and conjugates exhibit significantly enhanced anti-tumor effects. Moreover, the design and preparation of tumor-targeted modified EVs greatly enhance the specificity and effectiveness of tumor therapy, and these strategies are expected to become novel ideas for tumor precision medicine. This review will focus on reviewing the latest research progress of functionalized EVs, clarifying the superior biological functions and powerful therapeutic potential of EVs, for researchers to explore new design concepts based on EVs and build next-generation nanomedicine therapeutic platforms.
越来越多的证据表明，源自各种细胞的未修饰细胞外囊泡（EVs）可以通过传递生物活性分子有效抑制不同类型肿瘤的恶性进展。因此，EVs 有望被开发为新兴的抗癌药物。同时，未修饰的 EVs 作为一种先进且有前途的纳米载体，常被用于靶向递送治疗 cargos 和个性化试剂，用于癌症的治疗和诊断。为了提高基于 EV 的治疗效果，研究人员正试图通过生物、物理和化学方法将 EV 工程化为一种新兴的纳米医学转化治疗平台，这可以拓宽和改变以增强其治疗能力。负载有治疗成分（如肿瘤抑制药物、siRNAs、蛋白质、肽和缀合物）的 EVs 表现出显著增强的抗肿瘤效果。此外，肿瘤靶向修饰 EVs 的设计和制备大大提高了肿瘤治疗的特异性和有效性，这些策略有望成为肿瘤精准医学的新思想。本文将重点综述功能化 EVs 的最新研究进展，阐明 EVs 的优越生物学功能和强大的治疗潜力，为研究人员探索基于 EVs 的新设计理念和构建下一代纳米医学治疗平台提供参考。
