Department of Nursing- Midwifery, Comprehensive Health Research Center, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.
Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Aug 2;22(1):611. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04941-3.
Pregnant women are at high risk for affliction by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccination is a main strategy to prevent and manage the COVID-19 pandemic. However, hesitancy about COVID-19 vaccination (HACV) is a major public health threat and a major barrier to herd immunity. The aim of the study was to evaluate pregnant women's HACV based on the Health Belief Model (HBM).
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022. Participants were 352 pregnant women selected from several healthcare centers in the north of Iran. Instruments for data collection were a demographic questionnaire, a COVID-19 Knowledge Questionnaire, a COVID-19 Health Belief Questionnaire, and a question about HACV. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effects of the study variables on HACV.
The rate of HACV was 42.61%. In the regression model, the three factors of perceived benefits (aOR: 0.700; 95% CI: 0.594 to 0.825), cues to action (aOR: 0.621; 95% CI: 0.516 to 0.574), and history of reproductive problems (aOR: 2.327; 95% CI: 0.1.262 to 4.292) had significant effects on HACV (P < 0.001).
HACV is highly prevalent among pregnant women. The perceived benefits and cues to action components of HBM have significant effects on pregnant women's HACV, while the perceived threat component has no significant effect on it. HBM is a good model to explain HACV among pregnant women. Educational interventions are necessary to improve pregnant women's awareness of the risks of COVID-19 for them and their fetus.
孕妇感染 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的风险很高。接种疫苗是预防和管理 COVID-19 大流行的主要策略。然而，对 COVID-19 疫苗接种的犹豫（HACV）是一个主要的公共卫生威胁，也是群体免疫的主要障碍。本研究旨在基于健康信念模型（HBM）评估孕妇的 HACV。
这是一项横断面研究，于 2021-2022 年进行。参与者为从伊朗北部几家医疗中心抽取的 352 名孕妇。数据收集工具包括人口统计学问卷、COVID-19 知识问卷、COVID-19 健康信念问卷以及关于 HACV 的问题。采用逻辑回归分析评估研究变量对 HACV 的影响。
HACV 的发生率为 42.61%。在回归模型中，三个因素对 HACV 有显著影响，包括感知益处（aOR：0.700；95%CI：0.594 至 0.825）、提示行动（aOR：0.621；95%CI：0.516 至 0.574）和生殖问题史（aOR：2.327；95%CI：0.1.262 至 4.292）（均 P<0.001）。
孕妇的 HACV 发生率较高。HBM 的感知益处和提示行动两个因素对孕妇的 HACV 有显著影响，而感知威胁因素对其没有显著影响。HBM 是解释孕妇 HACV 的良好模型。有必要开展教育干预，提高孕妇对 COVID-19 对自身及其胎儿风险的认识。
