Kim Hyun Suk, Jung Su-Jin, Jang Soyoung, Kim Min Jung, Cha Youn-Soo
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2022 Aug;16(4):450-463. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.4.450. Epub 2021 Oct 25.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Adolescents who skip breakfast have an increased prevalence of chronic diseases. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether the intake of rice-based breakfast had positive effects on blood glucose indices and to determine the possibility of diabetes prevalence in Korean youths who habitually skip breakfast.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: In this randomized parallel-group controlled trial, 81 subjects who were suitable for compliance among 105 middle-and high-school students aged 12-18 years who usually skipped breakfast were included in this study (rice-meal group [RMG], n = 26; wheat-meal group [WMG], n = 29; general-meal group [GMG], n = 26). The RMG and WMG received a rice-based breakfast and a wheat-based breakfast for 12 weeks, respectively. The anthropometric indices, blood glucose indices, and metabolites were measured at baseline and the endpoint, respectively.
The mean body weights in the RMG, WMG, and GMG groups at the endpoint were 62.44 kg, 61.80 kg, and 60.28 kg, respectively, and the mean body weights of the WMG and GMG groups at the endpoint were significantly higher than that at baseline ( < 0.05). The levels of fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were significantly decreased in the RMG group at the endpoint compared to baseline ( < 0.05, < 0.05, respectively). The levels of tryptophan and tyrosine in the WMG group at the endpoint were significantly higher than that those at baseline ( < 0.01, < 0.05, respectively).
Rice-based breakfast has positive effects on fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast. Additionally, it was found that a skipping breakfast could increase the prevalence of diabetes in adolescents who skip breakfast. Therefore, in addition to reducing breakfast skipping, it is vital to develop a rice-based menu that fits teenage preferences to prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes.
Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0004089.
背景/目的：不吃早餐的青少年患慢性病的几率增加。因此，我们旨在评估以米饭为基础的早餐摄入对血糖指标是否有积极影响，并确定在韩国习惯性不吃早餐的青少年中糖尿病患病率的可能性。
受试者/方法：在这项随机平行组对照试验中，105名12 - 18岁通常不吃早餐的初高中学生中，81名适合依从性的受试者被纳入本研究（米饭组[RMG]，n = 26；麦饭组[WMG]，n = 29；普通餐组[GMG]，n = 26）。RMG组和WMG组分别接受以米饭为基础的早餐和以小麦为基础的早餐，为期12周。分别在基线和终点测量人体测量指标、血糖指标和代谢物。
终点时，RMG组、WMG组和GMG组的平均体重分别为62.44千克、61.80千克和60.28千克，WMG组和GMG组终点时的平均体重显著高于基线时（均P < 0.05）。与基线相比，RMG组终点时空腹胰岛素水平和胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA - IR）值显著降低（分别为P < 0.05，P < 0.05）。终点时，WMG组色氨酸和酪氨酸水平显著高于基线时（分别为P < 0.01，P < 0.05）。
以米饭为基础的早餐对不吃早餐的韩国青少年空腹胰岛素水平和HOMA - IR有积极影响。此外，发现不吃早餐会增加不吃早餐青少年患糖尿病的患病率。因此，除了减少不吃早餐的情况外，制定符合青少年喜好的以米饭为基础的菜单对于预防糖尿病等慢性病至关重要。
临床研究信息服务标识符：KCT0004089。
