Al-Khikani Falah, Ayit Aalae
Medical Technique Department, College of Medical Technique, The Islamic University, Babylon, Iraq.
Department of Microbiology, Al-Shomali General Hospital, Babylon, Iraq.
Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2022 Jul 31;13(3):e0018. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10475.
The increasing resistance of many bacterial pathogens against antibiotic measures urgently requires new or repurposing therapeutic strategies. Gentian violet is a triarylmethane dye used as a histological stain and for Gram's method of classifying bacteria. It also exerts an antimicrobial effect against certain pathogens, especially dermatological infections. Safranin is the most popular counterstain used in medical laboratories due to its low cost and safe laboratory usage. However, few studies have been conducted on the antimicrobial activity of safranin.
With the growing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of gentian violet and safranin against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).
All tested bacteria were multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from skin infections (abscesses and wounds). Using gentian violet and safranin, antibacterial effects were studied using the well-diffusion method against 20 samples of clinically isolated bacteria, 10 diagnosed as S. aureus, and 10 as P. aeruginosa. Bacteria were diagnosed using the VITEK 2 automated system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France). Iodine served as the control agent, since both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are sensitive to it.
Gentian violet dye has been shown to be 100% sensitive to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates. Although safranin also had high sensitivity (100%) to S. aureus isolates, its sensitivity to P. aeruginosa was only 20%. Staphylococcus aureus was more resistant to iodine (40% sensitivity) compared to P. aeruginosa, which was 100% sensitive to iodine.
Gentian violet and safranin are low-cost and better tolerated topical agents that have potential for use in dermatological applications. Gentian violet had good antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, making it useful for treating bacterial skin pathogens such as S. aureus and P. aeruginosa especially for MDR bacteria. While safranin has good efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus), its effect against Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. P. aeruginosa) is poor.
许多细菌病原体对抗生素措施的耐药性不断增加，迫切需要新的或重新利用的治疗策略。龙胆紫是一种三芳基甲烷染料，用作组织学染色剂和革兰氏细菌分类法中的试剂。它对某些病原体也具有抗菌作用，尤其是对皮肤感染。由于成本低且实验室使用安全，番红是医学实验室中最常用的复染剂。然而，关于番红抗菌活性的研究很少。
随着多重耐药菌的日益流行，本研究旨在评估龙胆紫和番红对多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌效果。
所有测试细菌均为从皮肤感染（脓肿和伤口）中分离出的多重耐药菌。使用龙胆紫和番红，采用纸片扩散法对20株临床分离细菌进行抗菌效果研究，其中10株诊断为金黄色葡萄球菌，10株为铜绿假单胞菌。使用VITEK 2自动系统（法国生物梅里埃公司，马西-埃图瓦勒）对细菌进行诊断。碘用作对照剂，因为革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌对其均敏感。
龙胆紫染料对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌分离株均显示出100%的敏感性。虽然番红对金黄色葡萄球菌分离株也有较高的敏感性（100%），但其对铜绿假单胞菌的敏感性仅为20%。与对碘100%敏感的铜绿假单胞菌相比，金黄色葡萄球菌对碘的耐药性更高（敏感性为40%）。
龙胆紫和番红是低成本且耐受性较好的局部用药，具有用于皮肤病学应用的潜力。龙胆紫对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均具有良好的抗菌活性，可用于治疗金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌等细菌性皮肤病原体，尤其是多重耐药菌。虽然番红对革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）有良好疗效，但其对革兰氏阴性菌（如铜绿假单胞菌）的效果较差。
