Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba.
Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), University of Tsukuba.
Microbes Environ. 2022;37(5). doi: 10.1264/jsme2.ME22034.
Isolated RNA viruses mainly parasitize eukaryotes. RNA viruses either expand horizontally by infecting hosts (acute type) or coexist with the host and are vertically inherited (persistent type). The significance of persistent-type RNA viruses in environmental viromes (the main hosts are expected to be microbes) was only recently reported because they had previously been overlooked in virology. In this review, we summarize the host-virus relationships of eukaryotic microbial RNA viruses. Picornavirales and Reoviridae are recognized as representative acute-type virus families, and most of the microbial viruses in Narnaviridae, Totiviridae, and Partitiviridae are categorized as representative persistent-type viruses. Acute-type viruses have only been found in aquatic environments, while persistent-type viruses are present in various environments, including aquatic environments. Moreover, persistent-type viruses are potentially widely spread in the RNA viral sequence space. This emerging evidence provides novel insights into RNA viral diversity, host-virus relationships, and their history of co-evolution.
孤立的 RNA 病毒主要寄生于真核生物。RNA 病毒通过感染宿主进行水平扩张（急性型）或与宿主共存并垂直遗传（持续性型）。持续性 RNA 病毒在环境病毒组中的意义直到最近才被报道，因为它们在病毒学中以前被忽视了。在这篇综述中，我们总结了真核微生物 RNA 病毒的宿主-病毒关系。小 RNA 病毒目和呼肠孤病毒科被认为是典型的急性型病毒家族，而 Narnaviridae、Totiviridae 和 Partitiviridae 中的大多数微生物病毒被归类为典型的持续性型病毒。急性型病毒仅在水生环境中发现，而持续性病毒存在于各种环境中，包括水生环境。此外，持续性病毒在 RNA 病毒序列空间中可能广泛传播。这一新兴证据为 RNA 病毒多样性、宿主-病毒关系及其共同进化史提供了新的见解。
