Murphy Sierra N, Nguyen Brandon A, Singh Rohin, Brown Nolan J, Shahrestani Shane, Neal Matthew T, Patel Naresh P, Kalani Maziyar A
Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona.
Department of Neurosurgery, UC Irvine, Orange, California.
Surg Neurol Int. 2022 Jul 15;13:297. doi: 10.25259/SNI_294_2022. eCollection 2022.
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease of the spine and SI joints. Diagnostic criteria and treatments have continued to evolve, necessitating a historical compendium of AS and its management. This paper aims to review the historical context underlying the discovery of AS, as well as the major diagnostic and therapeutic discoveries in the last two centuries.
A scoping review of the literature pertaining to AS was performed via the Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Future directions of AS treatments were assessed by querying the clinicaltrials.gov website.
The history of AS can be traced as far back as ancient Egypt (as evidenced by the discovery of its presence in ancient Egyptian mummies) to the late 20 century, when the inherited nature of AS was linked to a genetic factor, HLA-B27. Each discovery made throughout the years led to further investigations into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of AS. The criteria to differentiate AS from rheumatoid arthritis were first reported in 1893. Since then, diagnostic criteria for AS have undergone a series of changes before the present-day diagnostic criteria for AS were ultimately determined in 2009 by the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society.
As the pathophysiology of AS is better understood, healthcare providers are able to diagnose and treat the condition more effectively. In particular, earlier diagnosis and multiple treatment options have facilitated efficient and more effective treatment.
强直性脊柱炎（AS）是一种累及脊柱和骶髂关节的慢性、进行性炎症性疾病。诊断标准和治疗方法不断演变，因此有必要对AS及其管理进行历史综述。本文旨在回顾AS发现背后的历史背景，以及过去两个世纪的主要诊断和治疗发现。
通过PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库对与AS相关的文献进行范围综述。通过查询clinicaltrials.gov网站评估AS治疗的未来方向。
AS的历史可以追溯到古埃及（古埃及木乃伊中发现AS的存在可证明），一直到20世纪后期，当时AS的遗传性质与遗传因素HLA-B27联系起来。多年来的每一项发现都促使对AS的病理生理学、诊断和治疗进行进一步研究。1893年首次报道了区分AS与类风湿关节炎的标准。从那时起，AS的诊断标准经历了一系列变化，直到2009年国际脊柱关节炎评估协会最终确定了当今AS的诊断标准。
随着对AS病理生理学的更好理解，医疗保健提供者能够更有效地诊断和治疗该疾病。特别是，早期诊断和多种治疗选择促进了高效和更有效的治疗。
