Hardy F Joan, Preece Ellen, Backer Lorraine
Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, WA 98504-7890.
Robertson-Bryan, Inc., Elk Grove, CA.
Lake Reserv Manag. 2021 Feb;37(3):246-260. doi: 10.1080/10402381.2020.1863530.
A widespread effort is underway to improve awareness of cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) across the United States using a variety of monitoring programs and public health outreach measures to protect people, pets, and livestock. To determine the status of cyanoHAB outreach and monitoring efforts, 2 questionnaires were distributed to health/environmental departments in 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC). One questionnaire focused on cyanoHAB exposure to humans from drinking water and the second targeted exposure through recreational activities. All states plus DC responded to the recreational survey; 46 states plus DC responded to the drinking water survey. All states except Alaska answered that microcystins were the cyanotoxins of greatest concern for recreational exposure; microcystins were also of greatest concern for drinking water with the exception of Utah (anatoxin-a in reservoirs was greatest concern) and Rhode Island (microcystins and anatoxin-a in reservoirs/ponds were greatest concern). Regional comparisons disclosed a lack of cyanoHAB programs in southern states relative to northern states that may be related to the higher percentage of water surface area in northern states. Interestingly, recreational outreach is more extensive than drinking water outreach (only 16 states reported having some type of drinking water outreach program, compared with 35 states with recreational outreach), and preferred outreach methods are websites and press releases. Additionally, respondents reported very limited funding for outreach and monitoring programs. Our results establish baseline information to help determine what future direction cyanoHAB outreach and monitoring programs can take at local, regional, and national levels.
美国正在开展广泛的工作，通过各种监测项目和公共卫生宣传措施，提高对蓝藻有害藻华（cyanoHABs）的认识，以保护人类、宠物和牲畜。为了确定cyanoHAB宣传和监测工作的现状，向50个州和哥伦比亚特区（DC）的卫生/环境部门发放了两份调查问卷。一份问卷聚焦于饮用水中cyanoHAB对人类的暴露，另一份则针对通过娱乐活动造成的暴露。所有州加上DC都回复了娱乐调查；46个州加上DC回复了饮用水调查。除阿拉斯加外，所有州都回答微囊藻毒素是娱乐性暴露中最受关注的蓝藻毒素；微囊藻毒素也是饮用水中最受关注的毒素，但犹他州除外（水库中的类毒素-a最受关注），罗德岛州也除外（水库/池塘中的微囊藻毒素和类毒素-a最受关注）。区域比较显示，与北方州相比，南方州缺乏cyanoHAB项目，这可能与北方州较大的水面面积比例有关。有趣的是，娱乐宣传比饮用水宣传更广泛（只有16个州报告有某种类型的饮用水宣传项目，而有娱乐宣传项目的州有35个），首选的宣传方式是网站和新闻稿。此外，受访者报告称，宣传和监测项目的资金非常有限。我们的结果建立了基线信息，以帮助确定cyanoHAB宣传和监测项目在地方、区域和国家层面可以采取的未来方向。
