Gomez Quintero David F, Kok Car Reen, Hutkins Robert
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.
Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Jul 22;13:919725. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.919725. eCollection 2022.
Synbiotics, mixtures of live microbes and substrates selectively utilized by host organisms, are of considerable interest due to their ability to improve gastrointestinal health. However, formulating synbiotics remains challenging, due in part, to the absence of rational strategies to assess these products for synbiotic activities prior to clinical trials. Currently, synbiotics are formulated as either complementary or synergistic. Complementary synbiotics are made by combining probiotics and prebiotics, with each component acting independently and with the combination shown to provide a clinical health benefit. Most commercial synbiotics as well as those used in clinical trials have been of the complementary type. In contrast, synergistic synbiotics require that the added microbe is specifically stimulated or it's persistence or activity are enhanced by the cognate substrate. Although several innovative examples have been described in the past few years based on this principle, in practice, relatively few synbiotic studies have tested for synergism. In this review, selected recent examples of complementary and synergistic synbiotics and the rationale for their formulation will be described. In addition, pre-clinical experimental approaches for identifying combinations that provide a basis for satisfying the requirements for synergism will be discussed.
合生元是活微生物与宿主生物选择性利用的底物的混合物，因其改善胃肠道健康的能力而备受关注。然而，合生元的配方设计仍然具有挑战性，部分原因是在临床试验之前缺乏合理的策略来评估这些产品的合生元活性。目前，合生元的配方分为互补型或协同型。互补型合生元是通过将益生菌和益生元结合而成，每种成分独立发挥作用，且组合起来显示出对临床健康有益。大多数商业合生元以及临床试验中使用的合生元都属于互补型。相比之下，协同型合生元要求添加的微生物受到特异性刺激，或者其同源底物能增强其持久性或活性。尽管在过去几年中已经基于这一原理描述了几个创新实例，但在实践中，相对较少的合生元研究对协同作用进行了测试。在这篇综述中，将描述近期选定的互补型和协同型合生元实例及其配方依据。此外，还将讨论用于识别能满足协同作用要求的组合的临床前实验方法。
