Toubon Gaël, Butel Marie-José, Rozé Jean-Christophe, Lepage Patricia, Delannoy Johanne, Ancel Pierre-Yves, Charles Marie-Aline, Aires Julio
INSERM, UMR1153 Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistiques (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine Microbiote Pré & Postnatal (3PHM), Paris, France.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Jul 22;13:919317. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.919317. eCollection 2022.
Prematurity is a risk factor for dysbiosis of the gut microbiota due to particular birth conditions and frequent prolonged hospitalization of neonates. Although gut microbiota colonization after birth and its establishment during the hospitalization period have been studied in preterm infants, data on gut microbiota following discharge, particularly during early childhood, are scarce. The present study investigated the relationship between gut microbiota at 1 month after birth (hospitalization period) and 3.5 years of age in 159 preterm children belonging to the French EPIFLORE prospective observational cohort study. Analysis using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the gut microbiota of preterm neonates at 1 month was highly variable and characterized by six distinct enterotypes. In contrast, the gut microbiota of the same children at 3.5 years of age showed less variability, with only two discrete enterotypes. An absence of association between enterotypes at 1 month and 3.5 years of age was observed. While the alpha diversity of gut microbiota significantly increased between 1 month and 3.5 years of age, for both alpha and beta diversities, there was no correlation between the 1-month and 3.5-years time points. Comparison at 3.5 years between children born either preterm ( = 159) or full-term ( = 200) showed no differences in terms of enterotypes, but preterm children harbored a lower Shannon diversity index and a different overall composition of microbiota than full-term children. This study suggests that the characteristics of the early gut microbiota of preterm children are not predictive of the microbial community composition at 3.5 years of age. However, the impact of gestational age is still noticeable on the gut microbiota up to 3.5 years of age.
由于特殊的出生条件以及新生儿频繁的长期住院治疗，早产是肠道微生物群失调的一个风险因素。尽管已经对早产儿出生后肠道微生物群的定殖及其在住院期间的建立情况进行了研究，但关于出院后，尤其是幼儿期肠道微生物群的数据却很匮乏。本研究调查了159名属于法国EPIFLORE前瞻性观察队列研究的早产儿出生后1个月（住院期间）和3.5岁时肠道微生物群之间的关系。使用细菌16S rRNA基因测序进行的分析表明，早产新生儿1个月时的肠道微生物群高度可变，具有六种不同的肠型。相比之下，这些儿童3.5岁时的肠道微生物群变异性较小，只有两种不同的肠型。观察到1个月和3.5岁时的肠型之间没有关联。虽然肠道微生物群的α多样性在1个月至3.5岁之间显著增加，但对于α和β多样性而言，1个月和3.5岁这两个时间点之间没有相关性。对早产（n = 159）或足月（n = 200）出生的儿童在3.5岁时进行比较，结果显示肠型方面没有差异，但早产儿童的香农多样性指数较低，微生物群的总体组成与足月儿童不同。这项研究表明，早产儿童早期肠道微生物群的特征并不能预测其3.5岁时的微生物群落组成。然而，胎龄对直至3.5岁的肠道微生物群仍有显著影响。
