实现可持续发展目标4的包容性和公平优质幼儿教育途径——一项范围综述

Pathways to inclusive and equitable quality early childhood education for achieving SDG4 goal-a scoping review.

作者信息

Rad Dana, Redeş Adela, Roman Alina, Ignat Sonia, Lile Raul, Demeter Edgar, Egerău Anca, Dughi Tiberiu, Balaş Evelina, Maier Roxana, Kiss Csaba, Torkos Henrietta, Rad Gavril

机构信息

Faculty of Educational Sciences, Psychology and Social Work, Center of Research Development and Innovation in Psychology, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Arad, Romania.

Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania.

出版信息

Front Psychol. 2022 Jul 22;13:955833. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.955833. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

According to Sustainable Development Goal 4.2 (SDG 4.2), Equal Access to Quality Pre-primary Education, governments throughout the world are working to ensure that all children have access to high-quality early childhood development, care, and pre-primary education by 2030. In order to organize available evidence into a coherent framework, the current scoping review represents an exploratory synthesis addressing the broad question of what qualitative and inclusive Early Childhood Education and Care strategies are currently being established globally to achieve SDG4 targets. The goal of this scoping review in this respect, was to map the available research and offer an overview of micro-, meso-, and macro-level perspectives on evidence-based interventions and strategies, for the promotion of SDG4 globally. A layered model of early childhood education that is both inclusive and egalitarian education emerged, starting with the micro level: child, family and community, mezo level: nursery, and kindergarten and macro level: national policies and SDG 4.2 Agenda for 2030. The mezzo level connects the micro and macro levels, being the most solicited level of implementing inclusive and qualitative ECEC strategies. Thus, starting with putting a real emphasis on children rights, creating a qualitative and inclusive culture with a holistic understanding of child development, then investing in teacher preparation and instilling a strong belief and positive attitudes toward equity in early childhood services, developing inclusive educational policies with an authentic community support offered by all stakeholders, then adapting curriculum and assessment methods to all early childhood educational contexts and lastly piloting and up-scaling good practices, and investing in infrastructure, facilities and innovative educational services, SDG4.2 targets could transparently and efficiently be attained by 2030, with all the setbacks arisen from the pandemic context. The data provide light on a vast topic range, including human rights and values, policy actions, and ideologies. The micro-level themes emphasized the importance of fostering equitable and inclusive environments for children., as well as instructional approaches that encourage positive attitudes toward diversity and instructors' levels of experience in dealing with diversity. We also discovered the significance of creating chances that promote socialization, connection development, and a sense of belonging. Meso-level principles emphasized the relevance of schooling in a child's holistic development and skill acquisition. Mainstream availability for all children, national curriculum regulations, teacher preparation for inclusive early childhood education, excellent funding and governance, evaluation and monitoring, and research on inclusive early childhood education comprise the macro level. As a concept and an approach, inclusive and qualitative education necessitates the preparedness of all relevant educational components to participate. Providing inclusive education in the early years requires setting the foundation for subsequent levels of schooling. The active engagement of a young kid should be directed by developmentally and individually suitable curricula. Access to and participation in age-appropriate general curricula becomes critical in identifying and providing specialized support services. Inclusive programming does not imply that the educational programs will necessarily be of good quality. Efficiency and wellbeing are synonymous with equity. Equitable education investment benefits everyone in society, not just the most marginalized. Investing in education will help communities achieve all of the Sustainable Development Goals related to education.

摘要

根据可持续发展目标4.2(SDG 4.2),即平等获得优质学前教育,世界各国政府都在努力确保到2030年所有儿童都能获得高质量的幼儿发展、照料和学前教育。为了将现有证据整理成一个连贯的框架,本次范围审查是一项探索性综合研究,旨在解决一个广泛的问题:目前全球正在制定哪些定性和包容性的幼儿教育与保育战略以实现可持续发展目标4的各项指标。在这方面,本次范围审查的目标是梳理现有研究,并概述基于证据的干预措施和战略在微观、中观和宏观层面的观点,以在全球范围内促进可持续发展目标4的实现。由此出现了一个兼具包容性和平等主义的幼儿教育分层模型,从微观层面开始:儿童、家庭和社区,中观层面:托儿所和幼儿园,宏观层面:国家政策和2030年可持续发展目标4.2议程。中观层面连接微观和宏观层面,是实施包容性和高质量幼儿教育与保育战略最受关注的层面。因此,从真正重视儿童权利开始,营造一种对儿童发展有全面理解的定性和包容性文化,然后投资于教师培训,并在幼儿服务中灌输对公平的坚定信念和积极态度,制定由所有利益相关者提供切实社区支持的包容性教育政策,接着使课程和评估方法适应所有幼儿教育环境,最后试点并扩大良好做法,并投资于基础设施、设施和创新教育服务,即使面临疫情带来的所有挫折,到2030年也能透明且高效地实现可持续发展目标4.2的各项指标。这些数据揭示了一个广泛的主题范围,包括人权与价值观、政策行动和意识形态。微观层面的主题强调了为儿童营造公平和包容环境的重要性,以及鼓励对多样性持积极态度的教学方法和教师处理多样性的经验水平。我们还发现了创造促进社交、人际关系发展和归属感的机会的重要性。中观层面的原则强调了学校教育在儿童全面发展和技能获取方面的相关性。宏观层面包括所有儿童的主流可及性、国家课程规定、包容性幼儿教育的教师培训、充足的资金和治理、评估与监测以及包容性幼儿教育研究。作为一个概念和一种方法,包容性和高质量教育需要所有相关教育组成部分做好参与的准备。在早期提供包容性教育需要为后续教育阶段奠定基础。幼儿的积极参与应由适合其发展和个性的课程来引导。获得并参与适合其年龄的通用课程对于识别和提供专门支持服务至关重要。包容性课程并不意味着教育项目必然具有高质量。效率和福祉与公平同义。公平的教育投资使社会中的每个人受益,而不仅仅是最边缘化的群体。投资教育将有助于社区实现与教育相关的所有可持续发展目标。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/617a/9354697/d84a95fedc80/fpsyg-13-955833-g0001.jpg

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