Pucher Bernhard, Zluwa Irene, Spörl Philipp, Pitha Ulrike, Langergraber Günter
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Civil Engineering and Natural Hazards, Institute of Soil Bioengineering and Landscape Construction, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Nov 25;849:157842. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157842. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
Vertical greening systems (VGS) are implemented in the building envelope to address challenges such as the urban heat island effect, energy reduction, air purification, support of biodiversity and recently greywater treatment (wastewater without urine and faeces) for reuse purposes. In this context, providing and using treated wastewater is a crucial point, as generally VGS are irrigated with tap water and thereby increase urban water depletion and pollution. In this study, we evaluate the multifunctionality of a pot-based VGS irrigated with untreated greywater and capable, as well, of acting as a greywater treatment system. The full-scale experimental system uses a low-tech irrigation technique and was investigated for different irrigation water volumes to identify the needed water demand to maximize local cooling by evapotranspiration and suitable plants for the different water conditions and water types. Plant development and greywater treatment capabilities were monitored from April 2020 until September 2021. Based on the highest irrigation volume, a local air temperature reduction of up to 3.4 °C was measured. The removal efficiencies for treating greywater were COD 80 %, TOC 74 %, TNb 70 %, NH-N 81 % and Turbidity 79 %, respectively, and showed a decrease in the second year of operation. Therefore, the results support the need to develop more robust systems, since up to now mainly short-term experiments have been reported in literature.
垂直绿化系统（VGS）应用于建筑围护结构，以应对诸如城市热岛效应、能源减少、空气净化、生物多样性支持等挑战，以及最近用于中水回用（不含尿液和粪便的废水）的中水（灰水）处理。在这种情况下，提供和使用经处理的废水是一个关键点，因为一般来说VGS是用自来水灌溉的，从而加剧了城市水资源的消耗和污染。在本研究中，我们评估了一种基于花盆的VGS的多功能性，该系统用未经处理的中水灌溉，并且还能够作为一个中水（灰水）处理系统。该全尺寸实验系统采用了一种低技术灌溉技术，并针对不同的灌溉水量进行了研究，以确定通过蒸发散实现局部降温所需的水量，以及适合不同水质条件和水类型的植物。从2020年4月到2021年9月对植物生长和中水（灰水）处理能力进行了监测。基于最高灌溉量，测得局部气温降低高达3.4°C。处理中水（灰水）的去除效率分别为化学需氧量80%、总有机碳74%、总氮70%、氨氮81%和浊度79%，并且在运行的第二年有所下降。因此，这些结果支持了开发更强大系统的必要性，因为到目前为止文献中主要报道的是短期实验。
