Tremblay Melanie, Hamel Christine, Viau-Guay Anabelle, Giroux Dominique
Department of Teaching and Learning Studies, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
VITAM Centre de recherche en santé durable, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
JMIR Hum Factors. 2022 Aug 9;9(3):e35577. doi: 10.2196/35577.
The cocreation of eHealth solutions with potential users, or co-design, can help make the solution more acceptable. However, the co-design research approach requires substantial investment, and projects are not always fruitful. Researchers have provided guidelines for the co-design approach, but these are either applicable only in specific situations or not supported by empirical data. Ways to optimize the experience of the co-design process from the point of view of the participants are also missing. Scientific literature in the co-design field generally provides an extrinsic description of the experience of participants in co-design projects.
We addressed this issue by describing a co-design project and focusing on the participants' experiences looking at what was significant from their point of view.
We used a qualitative situated cognitive anthropology approach for this study. Data were collected on a co-design research project that aimed to support the help-seeking process of caregivers of functionally dependent older adults. The methodology was based on the perspective of experience by Dewey and used the course-of-action theoretical and methodological framework. Data collection was conducted in 2 phases: observation of participants and recording of sessions and participant self-confrontation interviews using the session recordings. We interviewed 27% (20/74) of the participants. We analyzed the data through nonexclusive emerging categorization of themes using the constant comparative method.
In total, 5 emerging themes were identified. The perception of extrinsic constraints and the effects of the situation was central and the most important theme, affecting other themes (frustrating interactions with others, learning together, destabilization, and getting personal benefits). Co-occurrences between codes allowed for a visual and narrative understanding of what was significant for the participants during this project. The results highlighted the importance of the role of the research team in preparing and moderating the sessions. They also provided a detailed description of the interactions between participants during the sessions, which is a core aspect of the co-design approach. There were positive and negative aspects of the participants' experiences during this co-design project. Reflecting on our results, we provided potential affordances to shape the experience of participants in co-design.
Potential users are an essential component of the co-design research approach. Researchers and designers should seek to offer these users a positive and contributory experience to encourage participation in further co-design initiatives. Future research should explore how the proposed affordances influence the success of the intervention.
与潜在用户共同创建电子健康解决方案，即共同设计，有助于使解决方案更易于接受。然而，共同设计研究方法需要大量投入，而且项目并不总是富有成效。研究人员已经为共同设计方法提供了指导方针，但这些方针要么仅适用于特定情况，要么缺乏实证数据支持。从参与者的角度优化共同设计过程体验的方法也很欠缺。共同设计领域的科学文献通常对共同设计项目中参与者的体验进行外在描述。
我们通过描述一个共同设计项目并关注参与者的体验，从他们的角度审视重要的方面来解决这个问题。
本研究采用定性情境认知人类学方法。数据收集于一个旨在支持功能依赖老年人护理者求助过程的共同设计研究项目。该方法基于杜威的经验视角，使用行动过程理论和方法框架。数据收集分两个阶段进行：观察参与者并记录会议情况，以及使用会议记录进行参与者自我反思访谈。我们采访了27%（20/74）的参与者。我们使用持续比较法通过对主题进行非排他性的新兴分类来分析数据。
总共确定了5个新兴主题。对外部约束的感知和情境的影响是核心且最重要的主题，影响着其他主题（与他人令人沮丧的互动、共同学习、不稳定以及获得个人利益）。代码之间的共现使得能够从视觉和叙事角度理解在这个项目中对参与者来说重要的内容。结果强调了研究团队在准备和主持会议方面的作用的重要性。它们还详细描述了会议期间参与者之间的互动，这是共同设计方法的一个核心方面。在这个共同设计项目中，参与者的体验有积极和消极的方面。反思我们的结果，我们提供了潜在的可供性来塑造共同设计中参与者的体验。
潜在用户是共同设计研究方法的重要组成部分。研究人员和设计师应努力为这些用户提供积极且有贡献的体验，以鼓励他们参与进一步的共同设计倡议。未来的研究应探索所提出的可供性如何影响干预的成功。
