新生儿细胞因子的产生：性别和出生季节的影响。
Cytokine production by newborns: influence of sex and season of birth.
机构信息
Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
出版信息
Pediatr Res. 2023 Feb;93(3):526-534. doi: 10.1038/s41390-022-02153-1. Epub 2022 Aug 9.
BACKGROUND
Immune signatures at birth could be associated with clinical outcomes and will improve our understanding of immunity prenatal programming.
METHODS
Data come from 235 newborns from the cohort study NELA. Production of cytokines was determined using Luminex technology. Associations between cytokine concentrations with sex and season of birth were examined by multivariate regression models.
RESULTS
Umbilical cord blood cells produced high levels of inflammatory cytokines, moderate levels of Th1/Th2/Tr-related cytokines, and low levels of Th17 cytokines. Compared to females, male newborn cells secreted higher levels of Th2 (peptidoglycan-stimulated IL-13, odds ratio [OR] = 2.26; 95% CI 1.18, 4.31, p value = 0.013) and Th17 (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-stimulated IL-23, OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.01, 3.27, p value = 0.046) and lower levels of Th1 (olive-stimulated IL-2, OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.31, 0.99, p value = 0.047) cytokines. Also, children born during warm seasons showed decreased innate cytokine response to peptidoglycan (IL-6, OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.15, 0.52, p value < 0.001) compared to those born in cold seasons; meanwhile, adaptive immunity cytokines were more frequently secreted by children born during warm seasons in response to allergen extracts (IL-10, OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.12, 3.96, p value = 0.020; IL-17F, OR = 3.31, 95% CI 1.83, 5.99, p value < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Newborns showed specific cytokines signatures influenced by sex and season of birth.
IMPACT
There is a limited number of population-based studies on the immune status at birth and the influence of prenatal and perinatal factors on it. Characterization of cytokine signatures at birth related to the prenatal environment could improve our understanding of immunity prenatal programming. Newborns exhibit specific unstimulated and stimulated cytokine signatures influenced by sex and season of birth. Unstimulated and stimulated cytokine signatures in newborns may be associated with the development of related clinical outcomes later in life.
背景
出生时的免疫特征可能与临床结局相关，这将有助于我们加深对产前免疫编程的理解。
方法
本研究的数据来自 NELA 队列研究的 235 名新生儿。使用 Luminex 技术测定细胞因子的产生。通过多元回归模型检查细胞因子浓度与性别和出生季节之间的关联。
结果
脐带血细胞产生高水平的炎症细胞因子、中等水平的 Th1/Th2/Tr 相关细胞因子和低水平的 Th17 细胞因子。与女性相比，男性新生儿细胞分泌更高水平的 Th2（肽聚糖刺激的 IL-13，比值比 [OR] = 2.26；95%置信区间 1.18，4.31，p 值 = 0.013）和 Th17（多聚肌苷酸：多聚胞苷酸刺激的 IL-23，OR = 1.82；95%置信区间 1.01，3.27，p 值 = 0.046）细胞因子，而 Th1（橄榄油刺激的 IL-2，OR = 0.56；95%置信区间 0.31，0.99，p 值 = 0.047）细胞因子水平较低。此外，与在寒冷季节出生的儿童相比，在温暖季节出生的儿童对肽聚糖的先天细胞因子反应降低（IL-6，OR = 0.28；95%置信区间 0.15，0.52，p 值 < 0.001）；同时，在温暖季节出生的儿童对过敏原提取物的适应性免疫细胞因子的分泌更为频繁（IL-10，OR = 2.11；95%置信区间 1.12，3.96，p 值 = 0.020；IL-17F，OR = 3.31；95%置信区间 1.83，5.99，p 值 < 0.001）。
结论
新生儿表现出受性别和出生季节影响的特定细胞因子特征。
影响
关于出生时的免疫状态以及产前和围产期因素对其的影响，基于人群的研究数量有限。对与产前环境相关的出生时细胞因子特征进行特征描述，可能有助于加深我们对产前免疫编程的理解。新生儿表现出受性别和出生季节影响的特定未刺激和刺激细胞因子特征。新生儿未刺激和刺激细胞因子特征可能与以后生活中相关临床结局的发展有关。
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