Méndez Verónica, Alves Jose A, Gill Jennifer A, Þórisson Böðvar, Carneiro Camilio, Pálsdóttir Aldís E, Vignisson Sölvi R, Gunnarsson Tomas G
South Iceland Research Centre, University of Iceland Laugarvatn Iceland.
School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Aug 4;12(8):e9184. doi: 10.1002/ece3.9184. eCollection 2022 Aug.
In migratory systems, variation in individual phenology can arise through differences in individual migratory behaviors, and this may be particularly apparent in partial migrant systems, where migrant and resident individuals are present within the same population. Links between breeding phenology and migratory behavior or success are generally investigated at the individual level. However, for breeding phenology in particular, the migratory behaviors of each member of the pair may need to be considered simultaneously, as breeding phenology will likely be constrained by timing of the pair member that arrives last, and carryover effects on breeding success may vary depending on whether pair members share the same migratory behavior or not. We used tracking of marked individuals and monitoring of breeding success from a partially migrant population of Eurasian oystercatchers () breeding in Iceland to test whether (a) breeding phenology varied with pair migratory behavior; (b) within-pair consistency in timing of laying differed among pair migratory behaviors; and (c) reproductive performance varied with pair migratory behavior, timing of laying, and year. We found that annual variation in timing of laying differed among pair migratory behaviors, with resident pairs being more consistent than migrant and mixed pairs, and migrant/mixed pairs breeding earlier than residents in most years but later in one (unusually cold) year. Pairs that laid early were more likely to replace their clutch after nest loss, had higher productivity and higher fledging success, independent of pair migratory behavior. Our study suggests that the links between individual migratory behavior and reproductive success can vary over time and, to a much lesser extent, with mate migratory behavior and can be mediated by differences in laying dates. Understanding these cascading effects of pair phenology on breeding success is likely to be key to predicting the impact of changing environmental conditions on migratory species.
在迁徙系统中，个体物候的变化可能源于个体迁徙行为的差异，这在部分迁徙系统中可能尤为明显，因为在同一群体中既有迁徙个体又有留居个体。繁殖物候与迁徙行为或成功率之间的联系通常在个体层面进行研究。然而，特别是对于繁殖物候而言，可能需要同时考虑配偶双方每个成员的迁徙行为，因为繁殖物候可能会受到最后到达的配偶成员时间的限制，而且对繁殖成功率的遗留效应可能因配偶成员是否具有相同的迁徙行为而有所不同。我们通过追踪在冰岛繁殖的部分迁徙的欧亚蛎鹬（）种群中标记个体并监测繁殖成功率，来检验：（a）繁殖物候是否随配偶迁徙行为而变化；（b）产卵时间的配偶内一致性在不同配偶迁徙行为之间是否存在差异；以及（c）繁殖性能是否随配偶迁徙行为、产卵时间和年份而变化。我们发现，产卵时间的年度变化在不同配偶迁徙行为之间存在差异，留居配偶比迁徙配偶和混合配偶更具一致性，并且在大多数年份中，迁徙/混合配偶比留居配偶繁殖更早，但在某一年（异常寒冷）则更晚。早期产卵的配偶在巢穴损失后更有可能替换其窝卵数，具有更高的繁殖力和更高的出飞成功率，这与配偶迁徙行为无关。我们的研究表明，个体迁徙行为与繁殖成功率之间的联系可能随时间而变化，并且在较小程度上随配偶迁徙行为而变化，并且可能由产卵日期的差异介导。理解配偶物候对繁殖成功率的这些级联效应可能是预测环境条件变化对迁徙物种影响的关键。
