Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ, USA.
Washington University in Saint Louis, St.Louis, MI, USA.
Res Aging. 2023 May-Jun;45(5-6):458-474. doi: 10.1177/01640275221117304. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
This paper aims to investigate heterogeneous income changes and whether the income trajectories moderate effects of early socioeconomic disadvantage on health in late middle age. The sample was restricted to 9,056 middle-aged adults from the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2010). Through a latent class growth analysis, six patterns of income changes were identified: constantly low, constantly moderate, constantly high & increasing, high to low, moderate to high, and high to moderate. The Constantly low group more frequently displayed depressive symptoms if exposed to early socioeconomic disadvantage and Constantly low income mobility. Individuals who experienced early socioeconomic disadvantage and a downward income mobility in middle age tended to have multiple chronic conditions while there was no moderating effect of income changes for mobility functional limitations. These findings suggest that not all health outcomes are programmed in early life: Disadvantage can be somewhat alleviated through stable and better later-life economic status.
本研究旨在探讨收入异质性变化以及收入轨迹是否会调节早期社会经济劣势对中年后期健康的影响。该样本仅限于来自健康与退休研究（1998-2010 年）的 9056 名中年成年人。通过潜在类别增长分析，确定了六种收入变化模式：持续较低、持续中等、持续较高且增加、较高到较低、中等到较高和较高到中等。如果早期社会经济劣势和持续较低的收入流动性，持续较低的群体更容易出现抑郁症状。在中年经历早期社会经济劣势和收入流动性下降的个体往往有多种慢性疾病，而收入变化对流动性功能限制没有调节作用。这些发现表明，并非所有健康结果都在生命早期就已确定：劣势可以通过稳定和更好的晚年经济地位得到一定程度的缓解。
