Williams J F, Ghalib H W, Mackenzie C D, Elkhalifa M Y, Ayuya J M, Kron M A
Ciba Found Symp. 1987;127:146-63. doi: 10.1002/9780470513446.ch10.
The conditions were examined for in vitro antibody-mediated adherence of granulocytes to microfilariae of Onchocera volvulus and Dirofilaria immitis. Reactivity in human sera from patients in endemic foci in Sudan was specific for O. volvulus and no reactions were observed with heterologous Onchocerca species or with Mansonella perstans. Microfilariae from skin, nodules or adult female worms were satisfactory targets for cell adherence, and the cells involved were almost exclusively eosinophils. The reaction was inhibited by indomethacin but not by nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an inhibitor of leukotriene production. Agents that slowed or stopped microfilarial motility (e.g. nifedipine, lidocaine, chloroquine) inhibited the reaction, probably by reducing target/cell contact. Ivermectin did not enhance the reaction, and in the absence of cells exerted only slight effects on the movement of microfilariae at higher concentrations (greater than 10 micrograms/ml). Antibody activity was labile, and did not persist well through freeze-thaw cycles. Some differences between homologous and heterologous mixtures (microfilariae/cells/serum) were seen but they could not be resolved satisfactorily. There were no apparent geographical differences between microfilariae from different foci in Sudan. In the D. immitis system neutrophils were the dominant cell type adhering to microfilariae, and the activity was stable to storage and freeze-thaw. No enhancement was detectable with diethylcarbamazine. Antibody activity was absorbable with microfilarial antigens and was reduced by agents that inhibited microfilarial motility. In dogs, adherence-mediating antibody was seen only in amicrofilaraemic animals with occult infection, and in only a minority of these sera. In humans the relationship to clinical findings was less clear, but patients with punctate keratitis were the most likely to have positive serum and were the most reactive in the assay. This system may therefore offer some insights into disease mechanisms in vivo, and its molecular mechanisms deserve further characterization.
研究了体外抗体介导的粒细胞与盘尾丝虫和犬恶丝虫微丝蚴的黏附情况。苏丹流行区患者血清中的反应对盘尾丝虫具有特异性，与异源盘尾丝虫种或常现曼森线虫均未观察到反应。来自皮肤、结节或成年雌虫的微丝蚴是细胞黏附的良好靶标，且所涉及的细胞几乎均为嗜酸性粒细胞。该反应可被吲哚美辛抑制，但不能被白三烯生成抑制剂去甲二氢愈创木酸抑制。减缓或阻止微丝蚴运动的药物（如硝苯地平、利多卡因、氯喹）可抑制该反应，可能是通过减少靶标/细胞接触。伊维菌素未增强该反应，且在无细胞存在时，仅在较高浓度（大于10微克/毫升）时对微丝蚴运动有轻微影响。抗体活性不稳定，经冻融循环后不能很好地保持。同源和异源混合物（微丝蚴/细胞/血清）之间存在一些差异，但无法令人满意地解决。苏丹不同疫源地的微丝蚴之间没有明显的地理差异。在犬恶丝虫系统中，中性粒细胞是黏附于微丝蚴的主要细胞类型，且该活性在储存和冻融后稳定。用乙胺嗪未检测到增强作用。抗体活性可被微丝蚴抗原吸收，并可被抑制微丝蚴运动的药物降低。在犬中，黏附介导抗体仅在隐匿感染的无微丝蚴血症动物中出现，且仅在少数这些血清中出现。在人类中，与临床发现的关系不太明确，但点状角膜炎患者最有可能血清呈阳性，且在检测中反应性最强。因此，该系统可能为体内疾病机制提供一些见解，其分子机制值得进一步研究。
