Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2022 Aug;40(3):459-472. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2022.05.002. Epub 2022 May 10.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs in up to 10% of patients with respiratory failure admitted through the emergency department. Use of noninvasive respiratory support has proliferated in recent years; clinicians must understand the relative merits and risks of these technologies and know how to recognize signs of failure. The cornerstone of ARDS care of the mechanically ventilated patient is low-tidal volume ventilation based on ideal body weight. Adjunctive therapies, such as prone positioning and neuromuscular blockade, may have a role in the emergency department management of ARDS depending on patient and department characteristics.
急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）在因呼吸衰竭而经急诊收治的患者中发生率高达 10%。近年来，无创性呼吸支持的应用已迅速普及；临床医生必须了解这些技术的相对优势和风险，并知道如何识别其失败的迹象。接受机械通气的 ARDS 患者的治疗基石是基于理想体重的小潮气量通气。辅助治疗，如俯卧位通气和神经肌肉阻滞剂，可能会根据患者和科室的特点在 ARDS 的急诊治疗中发挥作用。
