Çule Monika, Guliani Harminder
Department of Economics, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Arch Public Health. 2022 Aug 11;80(1):187. doi: 10.1186/s13690-022-00930-2.
Since 1990, Albania has embraced the market economy and globalization. Prosperity and modernization have also brought significant lifestyle changes toward unhealthy behaviours, doubling the mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). While Physical Activity (PA) can mitigate the NCDs burden, participation is low in Albania. To date, research on PA determinants that could meaningfully inform policy is lacking. To fill this gap, this study examines the PA behaviour among Albanian adults. Specifically, we assess the decisions to participate, and the time spent in PA.
Using the 2017-2018 Albania Demographic and Health Survey data and a double-hurdle regression model, we simultaneously assess the influence of demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors on the likelihood of participating (extensive margin) and the time spent (intensive margin) in PA. To understand gender differences regarding PA decisions, we run separate models for men and women.
Results show significant variations in the likelihood of participation and the time spent in PA, by household economic status, administrative regions, occupation, and education. We find that likelihood of participation in PA increases with household wealth, but conditional on participation, affluent Albanians spent less time in PA. Education and employment status also have opposite effects on participation and time spent margins. Results show notable gender-based differences in PA behaviour (either for participation or time spent) related to education, age, family structure (marital status and the number of young children), regions, occupation, and lifestyle factors.
Insights in understanding the PA behaviour of Albanian adults allow policymakers to identify socio-demographic groups most in need of intervention effort. To effectively support PA among Albanians, policymakers should target males and females differently and address gender-specific needs accordingly.
自1990年以来，阿尔巴尼亚已接受市场经济和全球化。繁荣与现代化也给生活方式带来了重大变化，导致不健康行为增加，非传染性疾病（NCD）死亡率翻了一番。虽然体育活动（PA）可以减轻非传染性疾病的负担，但阿尔巴尼亚的参与率较低。迄今为止，缺乏能够为政策提供有意义信息的体育活动决定因素研究。为填补这一空白，本研究调查了阿尔巴尼亚成年人的体育活动行为。具体而言，我们评估了参与体育活动的决定以及在体育活动中花费的时间。
利用2017 - 2018年阿尔巴尼亚人口与健康调查数据和双障碍回归模型，我们同时评估了人口、社会经济和生活方式因素对参与体育活动可能性（广度边际）和在体育活动中花费时间（强度边际）的影响。为了解体育活动决定方面的性别差异，我们分别为男性和女性建立模型。
结果显示，按家庭经济状况、行政区、职业和教育程度划分，参与体育活动的可能性和在体育活动中花费的时间存在显著差异。我们发现，参与体育活动的可能性随家庭财富增加而增加，但在参与的条件下，富裕的阿尔巴尼亚人在体育活动上花费的时间较少。教育和就业状况对参与和花费时间的边际也有相反的影响。结果显示，在与教育、年龄、家庭结构（婚姻状况和幼儿数量）、地区、职业和生活方式因素相关的体育活动行为（无论是参与还是花费时间）方面，存在显著的性别差异。
对阿尔巴尼亚成年人体育活动行为的深入了解使政策制定者能够确定最需要干预的社会人口群体。为了有效地支持阿尔巴尼亚人的体育活动，政策制定者应该对男性和女性采取不同的目标，并相应地满足特定性别的需求。
