School of Management, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China.
School of Business, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 28;19(15):9244. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159244.
Global warming and e-waste pollution are two major environmental pollution issues that have attracted widespread attention. The government has adopted various measures to reduce carbon emissions from businesses and to make manufacturers responsible for recycling e-waste. In the face of external pressures, more and more companies are implementing sustainable closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) management to reduce environmental pollution and achieve sustainable development. Therefore, it is essential to study the operational decisions of CLSC enterprises. This paper considers a sustainable CLSC consisting of two competing manufacturers and a dominant retailer. The government imposes a carbon tax on the retailer, and two manufacturers collect used products directly from their customers. We separately examine whether implementing green marketing by the retailer and the collaboration between the two manufacturers can improve their profits. By building decentralized CLSC mathematical models and applying game theory methods, we obtain that green marketing can increase profits for all CLSC members and improve return rates. The collaboration may yield higher total profits for two manufacturers than a decentralized solution, while the retailer's profits may be lost under certain conditions. Finally, we perform several numerical analyses to find the relationship between unit carbon emission tax and social welfare and gain some managerial insights. The study gives key factors that CLSC companies should consider when making decisions to help them achieve sustainability and provides recommendations for the government to set a reasonable unit carbon tax.
全球变暖与电子垃圾污染是两大广受关注的环境污染问题。政府已采取各种措施降低企业碳排放量，并要求制造商负责回收电子垃圾。面对外部压力，越来越多的公司正在实施可持续闭环供应链（CLSC）管理，以减少环境污染并实现可持续发展。因此，研究 CLSC 企业的运营决策至关重要。本文考虑了由两个竞争制造商和一个主导零售商组成的可持续 CLSC。政府对零售商征收碳税，两个制造商直接从客户那里回收废旧产品。我们分别考察了零售商实施绿色营销以及两个制造商之间合作是否可以提高他们的利润。通过构建分散式 CLSC 数学模型并应用博弈论方法，我们得出绿色营销可以提高 CLSC 所有成员的利润并提高回收率。在某些条件下，合作可能会使两个制造商的总利润高于分散式解决方案，而零售商的利润则可能会受到损失。最后，我们进行了一些数值分析，以找出单位碳排放量税与社会福利之间的关系，并获得了一些管理方面的见解。该研究为 CLSC 公司在做出决策时应考虑的关键因素提供了帮助，以帮助他们实现可持续性，并为政府制定合理的单位碳税提供了建议。
