Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 1;19(15):9427. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159427.
Overweight and obesity, including their prevalence and consequences, reflect a leading public health problem. Studies have already shown that physical activity leads to a reduction in body weight in children and adults. However, the university setting has rarely been investigated. The aim of this review is, therefore, to examine and summarize the effectiveness of physical-activity-based interventions to reduce obesity and overweight in university students. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for relevant studies published in English between January 2010 and February 2022. Quantitative studies conducting a physical-activity-based intervention with overweight or obese university students and reporting changes in BMI were included. Data were described in a narrative synthesis. Out of 16 included studies, 11 reported a significant reduction in BMI. However, all studies except one were able to demonstrate some BMI improvements, whereas all studies reported significant changes in at least one health-related indicator. Aerobic exercises were able to demonstrate the greatest reductions in BMI. This review is the first systematic presentation on the effectiveness of physical-activity-based interventions in overweight and obese university students. Future work should reconsider BMI as the primary outcome if appropriate within the respective study design (i.e., to measure long-term effects). More interventions are needed to improve strategies.
超重和肥胖，包括其流行程度和后果，反映了一个主要的公共卫生问题。研究已经表明，身体活动可导致儿童和成人的体重减轻。然而，大学环境很少被调查。因此，本综述的目的是检验和总结基于身体活动的干预措施在减少大学生肥胖和超重方面的有效性。在 2010 年 1 月至 2022 年 2 月期间，在三个数据库（PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science）中搜索了以超重或肥胖大学生为对象、并报告了 BMI 变化的基于身体活动的干预措施的相关研究。纳入了进行基于身体活动的干预并报告 BMI 变化的定量研究。数据以叙述性综合的方式进行描述。在纳入的 16 项研究中，有 11 项报告 BMI 显著降低。然而，除了一项研究外，所有研究都能够证明 BMI 有所改善，而所有研究都报告了至少一个与健康相关的指标有显著变化。有氧运动能够显示出 BMI 最大的降低效果。这是第一篇关于基于身体活动的干预措施在超重和肥胖大学生中有效性的系统介绍。如果在相应的研究设计中适当，未来的工作应该重新考虑 BMI 作为主要结果（即，测量长期效果）。需要更多的干预措施来改进策略。
