Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Aug 2;23(15):8566. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158566.
Cervical cancer (CC) continues to be a major public health problem in Mexico, ranking second among cancers in women. A persistent infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV) is the main risk factor for CC development. In addition, a significant fraction of other cancers including those of the anus, oropharynx, and penis are also related to HPV infection. In CC, HPV-16 is the most prevalent high-risk HPV type, followed by HPV-18, both being responsible for 70% of cases. HPV intratype variant lineages differ in nucleotide sequences by 1-10%, while sublineages differ by 0.5-1%. Several studies have postulated that the nucleotide changes that occur between HPV intratype variants are reflected in functional differences and in pathogenicity. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that HPV-16 and -18 intratype variants differentially affect molecular processes in infected cells, changing their biological behavior that finally impacts in the clinical outcome of patients. Mexico has participated in providing knowledge on the geographical distribution of intratype variants of the most prevalent HPVs in premalignant lesions of the cervix and cervical cancer, as well as in other HPV-related tumors. In addition, functional studies have been carried out to assess the cellular effects of intratype variations in HPV proteins. This review addresses the state of the art on the epidemiology of HPV-16 and HPV-18 intratype variants in the Mexican population, as well as their association with persistence, precancer and cervical cancer, and functional aspects related to their biological behavior.
宫颈癌（CC）仍然是墨西哥的一个主要公共卫生问题，在女性癌症中排名第二。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的持续感染是 CC 发展的主要危险因素。此外，其他癌症的很大一部分，包括肛门、口咽和阴茎癌，也与 HPV 感染有关。在 CC 中，HPV-16 是最常见的高危 HPV 类型，其次是 HPV-18，两者共占 70%的病例。HPV 同型变异株在核苷酸序列上存在 1-10%的差异，而亚系差异为 0.5-1%。一些研究假设 HPV 同型变异株之间发生的核苷酸变化反映在功能差异和致病性上。此外，已经证明 HPV-16 和 -18 同型变异株在感染细胞中的分子过程中存在差异，改变了它们的生物学行为，最终影响了患者的临床结局。墨西哥参与提供了关于 HPV 同型变异株在宫颈前病变和宫颈癌以及其他与 HPV 相关肿瘤中的地理分布的知识。此外，还进行了功能研究来评估 HPV 蛋白同型变异对细胞的影响。这篇综述介绍了 HPV-16 和 HPV-18 同型变异株在墨西哥人群中的流行病学现状，以及它们与持续性、癌前病变和宫颈癌的关联，以及与它们的生物学行为相关的功能方面。
