Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Aug 3;23(15):8650. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158650.
Space travelers are exposed to microgravity (µ), which induces enhanced bone loss compared to the age-related bone loss on Earth. Microgravity promotes an increased bone turnover, and this obstructs space exploration. This bone loss can be slowed down by exercise on treadmills or resistive apparatus. The objective of this systematic review is to provide a current overview of the state of the art of the field of bone loss in space and possible treatment options thereof. A total of 482 unique studies were searched through PubMed and Scopus, and 37 studies met the eligibility criteria. The studies showed that, despite increased bone formation during µ, the increase in bone resorption was greater. Different types of exercise and pharmacological treatments with bisphosphonates, RANKL antibody (receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand antibody), proteasome inhibitor, pan-caspase inhibitor, and interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody decrease bone resorption and promote bone formation. Additionally, recombinant irisin, cell-free fat extract, cyclic mechanical stretch-treated bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, and strontium-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles also show some positive effects on bone loss.
太空旅行者会暴露在微重力（µ）环境下，与地球上的年龄相关性骨丢失相比，微重力会导致骨丢失增加。微重力会促进骨周转率增加，从而阻碍太空探索。通过跑步机或抗阻器械进行锻炼可以减缓这种骨丢失。本系统综述的目的是提供有关太空环境下骨丢失及其可能的治疗选择的最新研究进展概述。通过 PubMed 和 Scopus 共搜索到 482 项独特的研究，其中 37 项研究符合入选标准。这些研究表明，尽管 µ 环境下骨形成增加，但骨吸收的增加更大。不同类型的运动和使用双磷酸盐、核因子 κβ 配体受体激活剂（RANKL）抗体、蛋白酶体抑制剂、全胱天冬酶抑制剂和白细胞介素-6 单克隆抗体等药物治疗可以减少骨吸收并促进骨形成。此外，重组鸢尾素、无细胞脂肪提取物、经周期性机械拉伸处理的骨髓间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体、以及含锶的羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒也对骨丢失有一定的积极作用。
