Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
Nutrients. 2022 Aug 4;14(15):3191. doi: 10.3390/nu14153191.
In South Africa, the nutrition transition has led to unhealthy diets lacking variety, contributing to the rise in overweight, obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases. Using baseline screening data of the South African Diabetes Prevention Programme (SA-DPP) study, this study aims to determine the relationship of dietary diversity (DD) with nutritional status, cardiometabolic risk factors and food choices of adults at risk of type 2 diabetes in resource-poor communities around Cape Town. Data of 693 adults, 25−65 years old were analysed. This included socio-demographic information, anthropometric measurements, biochemical assessments, food groups consumed the previous day and consumption frequency of certain foods to reflect food choices. The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) indicator was calculated; 70.4% of participants had low DD (<5 food groups). Low DD was associated with elevated serum triglycerides [AOR: 1.49, 95% CI (1.03, 2.15) p = 0.036]. The DD score was positively correlated (although weak) with the unhealthy food score (r = 0.191, p = 0.050) and sugary food score (r = 0.139, p < 0.01). Study participants at risk of diabetes consumed a diet low in DD; however, DD was not associated with nutritional status or cardiometabolic risk factors except for serum triglycerides.
在南非，营养转型导致饮食不均衡、缺乏多样性，这导致超重、肥胖和与饮食相关的非传染性疾病发病率上升。本研究利用南非糖尿病预防计划（SA-DPP）研究的基线筛查数据，旨在确定饮食多样性（DD）与营养状况、心血管代谢风险因素以及开普敦周边资源匮乏社区 2 型糖尿病高危成年人食物选择之间的关系。分析了 693 名年龄在 25-65 岁的成年人的数据。这些数据包括社会人口统计学信息、人体测量学测量、生化评估、前一天食用的食物组以及特定食物的食用频率，以反映食物选择。计算了最低女性饮食多样性（MDD-W）指标；70.4%的参与者饮食多样性低（<5 种食物组）。低 DD 与血清甘油三酯升高有关[OR：1.49，95%CI（1.03，2.15），p=0.036]。DD 评分与不健康食物评分（r=0.191，p=0.050）和含糖食物评分（r=0.139，p<0.01）呈正相关（尽管相关性较弱）。有糖尿病风险的研究参与者饮食中 DD 含量低；然而，DD 与营养状况或心血管代谢风险因素无关，除了血清甘油三酯。
