Biselli Chiara, Vietto Lorenzo, Rosso Laura, Cattivelli Luigi, Nervo Giuseppe, Fricano Agostino
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Viale Santa Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, Italy.
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Strada Frassineto 35, 15033 Casale Monferrato, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Aug 4;11(15):2032. doi: 10.3390/plants11152032.
Poplar is one of the most important forest trees because of its high economic value. Thanks to the fast-growing rate, easy vegetative propagation and transformation, and availability of genomic resources, poplar has been considered the model species for forest genetics, genomics, and breeding. Being a field-growing tree, poplar is exposed to environmental threats, including biotic stresses that are becoming more intense and diffused because of global warming. Current poplar farming is mainly based on monocultures of a few elite clones and the expensive and long-term conventional breeding programmes of perennial tree species cannot face current climate-change challenges. Consequently, new tools and methods are necessary to reduce the limits of traditional breeding related to the long generation time and to discover new sources of resistance. Recent advances in genomics, marker-assisted selection, genomic prediction, and genome editing offer powerful tools to efficiently exploit the genetic diversity and allow enabling molecular breeding to support accurate early selection, increasing the efficiency, and reducing the time and costs of poplar breeding, that, in turn, will improve our capacity to face or prevent the emergence of new diseases or pests.
杨树因其较高的经济价值而成为最重要的林木之一。由于其生长速度快、易于无性繁殖和转化以及基因组资源丰富，杨树被视为森林遗传学、基因组学和育种领域的模式物种。作为一种生长在野外的树木，杨树面临着各种环境威胁，包括由于全球变暖而日益加剧和扩散的生物胁迫。目前的杨树种植主要基于少数优良无性系的单一栽培，而多年生树种昂贵且耗时的传统育种计划无法应对当前的气候变化挑战。因此，需要新的工具和方法来减少与长世代时间相关的传统育种的局限性，并发现新的抗性来源。基因组学、标记辅助选择、基因组预测和基因组编辑方面的最新进展提供了强大的工具，能够有效地利用遗传多样性，并使分子育种能够支持准确的早期选择，提高效率，减少杨树育种的时间和成本，进而提高我们应对或预防新病虫害出现的能力。
