Luneva Olga, Olekhnovich Roman, Uspenskaya Mayya
Center of Chemical Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49, bldg. A, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Aug 1;14(15):3135. doi: 10.3390/polym14153135.
A large number of different skin diseases such as hits, acute, and chronic wounds dictate the search for alternative and effective treatment options. The wound healing process requires a complex approach, the key step of which is the choice of a dressing with controlled properties. Hydrogel-based scaffolds can serve as a unique class of wound dressings. Presented on the commercial market, hydrogel wound dressings are not found among proposals for specific cases and have a number of disadvantages-toxicity, allergenicity, and mechanical instability. Bilayer dressings are attracting great attention, which can be combined with multifunctional properties, high criteria for an ideal wound dressing (antimicrobial properties, adhesion and hemostasis, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects), drug delivery, self-healing, stimulus manifestation, and conductivity, depending on the preparation and purpose. In addition, advances in stem cell biology and biomaterials have enabled the design of hydrogel materials for skin tissue engineering. To improve the heterogeneity of the cell environment, it is possible to use two-layer functional gradient hydrogels. This review summarizes the methods and application advantages of bilayer dressings in wound treatment and skin tissue regeneration. Bilayered hydrogels based on natural as well as synthetic polymers are presented. The results of the in vitro and in vivo experiments and drug release are also discussed.
大量不同的皮肤疾病，如擦伤、急性和慢性伤口，促使人们寻找替代且有效的治疗方案。伤口愈合过程需要综合方法，其中关键步骤是选择具有可控特性的敷料。基于水凝胶的支架可作为一类独特的伤口敷料。在商业市场上，水凝胶伤口敷料在针对特定情况的产品中并不多见，并且存在一些缺点——毒性、致敏性和机械不稳定性。双层敷料正备受关注，根据制备方法和用途，其可兼具多种功能特性，满足理想伤口敷料的高标准要求（抗菌特性、黏附与止血、抗炎和抗氧化作用）、药物递送、自我修复、刺激响应及导电性。此外，干细胞生物学和生物材料的进展使得用于皮肤组织工程的水凝胶材料设计成为可能。为改善细胞环境的异质性，可以使用双层功能梯度水凝胶。本综述总结了双层敷料在伤口治疗和皮肤组织再生中的方法及应用优势。介绍了基于天然和合成聚合物的双层水凝胶。还讨论了体外和体内实验结果以及药物释放情况。
