Chaudhary Shikha, Chakraborty Eliza
SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203 India.
Medical Translational Biotechnology Lab, Prof of Department of Biotechnology, Head of the Department of DST-Fist Center (Sponsored By Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India), Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology (MIET), Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250002 India.
Beni Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2022;11(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s43088-021-00172-1. Epub 2022 Jan 4.
Evolution in the in vitro cell culture from conventional 2D to 3D technique has been a significant accomplishment. The 3D culture models have provided a close and better insight into the physiological study of the human body. The increasing demand for organs like liver, kidney, and pancreas for transplantation, rapid anti-cancer drug screening, and the limitations associated with the use of animal models have attracted the interest of researchers to explore 3D organ culture.
Natural, synthetic, and hybrid material-based hydrogels are being used as scaffolds in 3D culture and provide 'close-to-in vivo' structures. Organoids: the stem cell-derived small size 3D culture systems are now favored due to their ability to mimic the in-vivo conditions of organ or tissue and this characteristic has made it eligible for a variety of clinical applications, drug discovery and regenerative medicine are a few of the many areas of application. The use of animal models for clinical applications has been a long-time ethical and biological challenge to get accurate outcomes. 3D bioprinting has resolved the issue of vascularization in organoid culture to a great extent by its layer-by-layer construction approach. The 3D bioprinted organoids have a popular application in personalized disease modeling and rapid drug development and therapeutics.
This review paper, focuses on discussing the novel organoid culture approach, its advantages and limitations, and potential applications in a variety of life science areas namely cancer research, cell therapy, tissue engineering, and personalized medicine and drug discovery.
从传统的二维体外细胞培养技术发展到三维技术是一项重大成就。三维培养模型为人体生理学研究提供了更贴近、更深入的视角。对肝脏、肾脏和胰腺等器官移植的需求不断增加、抗癌药物快速筛选以及动物模型使用的局限性，吸引了研究人员探索三维器官培养。
基于天然、合成和混合材料的水凝胶正被用作三维培养的支架，并提供“接近体内”的结构。类器官：由干细胞衍生的小尺寸三维培养系统现在受到青睐，因为它们能够模拟器官或组织的体内条件，这一特性使其适用于各种临床应用，药物发现和再生医学只是众多应用领域中的一部分。将动物模型用于临床应用长期以来一直是一个伦理和生物学挑战，难以获得准确结果。三维生物打印通过其逐层构建方法在很大程度上解决了类器官培养中的血管化问题。三维生物打印的类器官在个性化疾病建模以及快速药物开发和治疗方面有广泛应用。
本综述文章重点讨论了新型类器官培养方法、其优点和局限性，以及在癌症研究、细胞治疗、组织工程、个性化医学和药物发现等各种生命科学领域的潜在应用。
