Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Molecules. 2022 Aug 5;27(15):4997. doi: 10.3390/molecules27154997.
The present study aimed to isolate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fresh (FrHSc) and air-dried (DrHSc) (from the Adriatic Sea) by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) and to analyse them by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The impact of the season of growth (May-September) and air-drying on VOC composition was studied for the first time, and the obtained data were elaborated by principal component analysis (PCA). The most abundant headspace compounds were benzaldehyde, pentadecane (a chemical marker of brown macroalgae), and pentadec-1-ene. Benzaldehyde abundance decreased after air-drying while an increment of benzyl alcohol after drying was noticed. The percentage of pentadecane and heptadecane increased after drying, while pentadec-1-ene abundance decreased. Octan-1-ol decreased from May to September. In HD-FrHSc, terpenes were the most abundant in June, July, and August, while, in May and September, unsaturated aliphatic compounds were dominant. In HD-DrHSc terpenes, unsaturated and saturated aliphatic compounds dominated. ()-Phytol was the most abundant compound in HD-FrHSc through all months except September. Its abundance increased from May to August. Two more diterpene alcohols (isopachydictyol A and cembra-4,7,11,15-tetraen-3-ol) and sesquiterpene alcohol gleenol were also detected in high abundance. Among aliphatic compounds, the dominant was pentadec-1-ene with its peak in September, while pentadecane was present with lower abundance. PCA (based on the dominant compound analyses) showed distinct separation of the fresh and dried samples. No correlation was found between compound abundance and temperature change. The results indicate great seasonal variability of isolated VOCs, as well among fresh and dried samples, which is important for further chemical biodiversity studies.
本研究旨在通过顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）和水蒸馏（HD）从新鲜（FrHSc）和风干（DrHSc）（来自亚得里亚海）中分离挥发性有机化合物（VOCs），并用气相色谱和质谱（GC-MS）进行分析。首次研究了生长季节（5 月至 9 月）和风干对 VOC 组成的影响，并通过主成分分析（PCA）对所得数据进行了阐述。最丰富的顶空化合物为苯甲醛、十五烷（棕色海藻的化学标志物）和十五-1-烯。风干后苯甲醛丰度降低，而干燥后苄醇增加。干燥后十五烷和十七烷的百分比增加，而十五-1-烯的丰度降低。八月醇从五月到九月减少。在 HD-FrHSc 中，萜类化合物在六月、七月和八月最为丰富，而在五月和九月，不饱和脂肪族化合物占主导地位。在 HD-DrHSc 中，萜类、不饱和和饱和脂肪族化合物占主导地位。（）-叶绿醇是除九月外 HD-FrHSc 中所有月份含量最丰富的化合物。其丰度从五月到八月增加。还检测到两种二萜醇（异帕赤醇 A 和芹脑-4,7,11,15-四烯-3-醇）和倍半萜醇 gleenol。在脂肪族化合物中，十五-1-烯的含量最高，其峰值出现在九月，而十五烷的含量较低。基于主要化合物分析的 PCA 显示新鲜和干燥样品的明显分离。化合物丰度与温度变化之间没有相关性。结果表明，分离的 VOCs 具有很大的季节性变化，以及新鲜和干燥样品之间的变化，这对进一步的化学生物多样性研究很重要。
