Wilczyńska Dominika M, Abrahamsen Frank, Popławska Agnieszka, Aschenbrenner Piotr, Dornowski Marcin
Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Social Science Department, Poland.
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Coaching and Psychology Department, Norway.
Biol Sport. 2022 Sep;39(3):571-577. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.106387. Epub 2021 Jul 23.
The aim of the current study is to determine how the level of state and trait anxiety differs between youth athletes of different performance levels and furthermore whether there are correlations between performance levels and psychomotor variables in the selected tasks. A sample of 97 boys, aged 11-12 years, practising soccer represented two groups: A - high performance level and B - lower performance level. Participants completed a state and trait anxiety inventory and performed selected psychomotor tests. The analyses demonstrated that the higher the levels of anxiety were, the shorter was the response time and more accurate were the responses in selected psychomotor tests. For the whole group, r = -0.224, p < 0.05, and for group B, r = -0.333, p < 0.05. Moreover, the findings showed a moderator effect of level (group A vs B) on reaction time, which was almost significant in state anxiety and significant in trait anxiety. For group B, trait anxiety was negatively related to reaction time (b = -0.002, SE = 0.001, t = -2.93, p = .004, 95% CI [-0.004, -0.001]). This means that the higher the trait anxiety was, the shorter was the reaction time in group B, but there was no significant effect in group A. The results of the study confirmed the negative correlation between the trait and state anxiety and reaction time. The higher the anxiety was, the shorter was the response time of child soccer players. Future research should determine whether athletes' performance levels do affect performance under stress and replicate the study with different samples such as girls and different sport disciplines.
本研究的目的是确定不同表现水平的青少年运动员在状态焦虑和特质焦虑水平上有何差异，此外，在选定任务中，表现水平与心理运动变量之间是否存在相关性。97名年龄在11至12岁之间的足球男运动员样本分为两组：A组——高水平组和B组——低水平组。参与者完成了状态和特质焦虑量表，并进行了选定的心理运动测试。分析表明，焦虑水平越高，在选定的心理运动测试中的反应时间越短，反应越准确。对于整个组，r = -0.224，p < 0.05；对于B组，r = -0.333，p < 0.05。此外，研究结果显示水平（A组与B组）对反应时间有调节作用，在状态焦虑中几乎显著，在特质焦虑中显著。对于B组，特质焦虑与反应时间呈负相关（b = -0.002，SE = 0.001，t = -2.93，p = .004，95% CI [-0.004, -0.001]）。这意味着在B组中，特质焦虑越高，反应时间越短，但在A组中没有显著影响。研究结果证实了特质焦虑和状态焦虑与反应时间之间的负相关。焦虑越高，儿童足球运动员的反应时间越短。未来的研究应确定运动员的表现水平是否确实会影响压力下的表现，并使用不同样本（如女孩）和不同体育项目重复该研究。
