CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo,Portugal.
Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo,Portugal.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022 Aug 11;17(9):1326-1342. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0038. Print 2022 Sep 1.
Sleep, nutrition, active recovery, cold-water immersion, and massage were recently reported as the most used postmatch recovery methods in professional football. However, the recommendations concerning the effect of these methods remain unclear.
To systematically review the literature regarding the effectiveness of the most common recovery methods applied to male and female football players (or other team sports) 72 hours postmatches and to provide graded recommendations for their use.
A systematic search of the literature was performed, and the level of evidence of randomized and nonrandomized studies was classified as 1 or 2, respectively, with additional ++, +, and - classification according to the quality of the study and risk of bias. Graded recommendations were provided regarding the effectiveness of recovery methods for physical, physiological, and perceptive variables.
From the 3472 articles identified, 39 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The studies' levels of evidence varied among methods (sleep: 2+ to 1++; nutrition: 2- to 1+; cold-water immersion: 2- to 1++; active recovery: 2- to 1+; and massage: 1- to 1+). Different graded recommendations were attributed, and none of them favored the effective use of recovery methods for physiological and physical parameters, whereas massage and cold-water immersion were recommended as beneficial for perceptive variables.
Cold-water immersion and massage can be recommended to recover up to 72 hours postmatch at a perceptive level. However, there is a current need for high-quality research that identifies effective recovery strategies that enhance recovery at the physical and physiological levels.
睡眠、营养、主动恢复、冷水浸泡和按摩是最近报道的专业足球比赛后最常用的恢复方法。然而，关于这些方法效果的建议仍不清楚。
系统回顾关于最常见的恢复方法在男性和女性足球运动员（或其他团队运动）比赛后 72 小时应用的文献，为其使用提供分级推荐。
系统地搜索文献，随机和非随机研究的证据水平分别归类为 1 级或 2 级，并根据研究质量和偏倚风险进行额外的 ++、+ 和 - 分类。对恢复方法在身体、生理和感知变量方面的有效性提供分级推荐。
从 3472 篇文章中，有 39 篇符合分析标准。研究方法的证据水平各不相同（睡眠：2+ 至 1+；营养：2- 至 1+；冷水浸泡：2- 至 1+；主动恢复：2- 至 1+；按摩：1- 至 1+）。给出了不同的分级推荐，没有一种方法支持恢复方法对生理和物理参数的有效使用，而按摩和冷水浸泡被推荐为对感知变量有益。
冷水浸泡和按摩可以在感知层面上被推荐用于比赛后 72 小时的恢复。然而，目前需要高质量的研究来确定增强身体和生理水平恢复的有效恢复策略。
